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Up to half of individuals with a history of long‐term, heavy alcohol consumption will experience the alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) when consumption is significantly decreased or stopped. In its most severe form, AWS can be life‐threatening. Medically assisted withdrawal (MAW) often forms the first part of a treatment pathway. This clinical review discusses key elements of the clinical management...
Aims
To test whether recreational drug use (RDU) and sexualized drug use (SDU) changed in the Amsterdam area between 2008 and 2018 and quantify associations of SDU with condomless anal sex (CAS), recent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or sexually transmitted infections (STI) among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐negative men who have sex with men (MSM).
Design
Open prospective cohort study...
Background and Aims
The three‐question Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT‐C) is frequently used in healthcare for screening and brief advice about levels of alcohol consumption. AUDIT‐C scores (0–12) provide feedback as categories of risk rather than estimates of actual alcohol intake, an important metric for behaviour change. The study aimed to (i) develop a continuous metric from...
Aims
To test the effectiveness of an intervention, Al‐Anon Intensive Referral (AIR), to facilitate participation in Al‐Anon Family Groups (Al‐Anon).
Design, Setting and Participants
Multi‐site, randomized controlled trial of AIR versus usual care (UC), with follow‐up assessments at 3, 6 and 12 months. The 12‐month follow‐up rate was 74%. Residential alcohol use disorder (AUD) treatment programs...
Background and aims
There is currently no cross‐national validation of a scale that measures problematic social media use (SMU). The present study investigated and compared the psychometric properties of the social media disorder (SMD) scale among young adolescents from different countries.
Design
Validation study.
Setting and participants
Data came from 222 532 adolescents from 44 countries...
Background and aims
There is a higher prevalence of unhealthy alcohol use among Indigenous populations, but there have been few studies of the effectiveness of screening and treatment in primary health care. Over 24 months, we tested whether a model of service‐wide support could increase screening and any alcohol treatment.
Design
Cluster‐randomized trial with 24‐month implementation (12 months...
Background and Aims
Drug checking services provide people who use drugs with chemical analysis results of their drug samples while simultaneously monitoring the unregulated drug market. We sought to identify and synthesize literature on the following domains: (a) the influence of drug checking services on the behaviour of people who use drugs; (b) monitoring of drug markets by drug checking services;...
Background and aims
Black adults who smoke are less likely to seek treatment and to succeed in quitting compared with other racial groups. The lack of efficacious and engaging trials for smoking cessation further contributes to this disparity. This study explored whether an acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)‐based smartphone application (iCanQuit) was more efficacious for smoking cessation than...
Background and Aims
Dynamic, adaptive pharmacologic treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) has been previously recommended over static dosing to prevent relapse, and is aligned with personalized medicine. However, there has been no quantitative evidence demonstrating its advantage. Our objective was to estimate the extent to which a hypothetical intervention that increased buprenorphine dose in...
Background and aims
Pharmaceutical opioids are a significant contributor to the global ‘opioid crisis’, yet few studies have comprehensively distinguished between opioid types. We measured whether a range of common pharmaceutical opioids varied in their contribution to the rates and characteristics of harm in a population‐wide indicator of non‐fatal overdose.
Design
Retrospective observational...
Background and Aims
Low and middle‐income countries (LMIC) have a disproportionately higher alcohol‐attributable disease burden, in conjunction with a minimal focus on primary prevention. Screening and brief interventions can be a promising approach to address this problem. This systematic review aimed to perform a qualitative and quantitative synthesis of studies of brief interventions for harmful...
Background and aims
Several aspects of how quitting‐motivated tobacco use disorder (TUD) subjects and never‐smokers differ in terms of reward and threat processing remain unresolved. We aimed to examine aberrant reward and threat processes in TUD and the association with smoking characteristics.
Design
A between‐ and within‐subjects functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment with a...
Background and Aims
Previous research has demonstrated phenotypical associations between disordered gambling (DG) and Big 5 personality traits, and a twin study suggested that shared genetic influences accounted for a substantial portion of this relation. The present study examined associations between DG and polygenic scores (PSs) for Big 5 traits to measure the shared genetic underpinnings of Big...
Background and aims
Money is central to psychological definitions of gambling, but contemporary accounts are ambiguous regarding the role of financial motives in disordered gambling. The aims of the current research were to obtain meta‐analytic weighted effect sizes for zero‐order associations of financial motives against gambling frequency and level of problem gambling, as well as partial associations...
Background and Aims
Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conclude that heroin‐assisted‐treatment (HAT) has a larger benefit–cost ratio than oral methadone because HAT more reliably and substantially reduces participants’ criminal activity. This review: (1) summarizes results from RCTs concerning the comparative effectiveness of HAT for reducing criminal activity and (2) examines the role of...
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