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The scientific organizing committee of the 12th International Symposium on Advanced Ovarian Cancer: Optimal Therapy. Update proposed the question regarding whether all patients with recurrent ovarian cancer (ROC) need systemic therapy. This article has addressed this question and focused on the clinical scenarios in which the benefits of systemic therapy in patients with ROC are limited, including...
Evidence suggests that excess perioperative activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the consequent release of catecholamines (ie, epinephrine and norepinephrine) in the context of cancer surgery and inflammation may significantly facilitate prometastatic processes. This review first presents biomedical processes that make the perioperative timeframe pivotal in determining long‐term cancer...
Background
To the authors’ knowledge, no previous study has examined the relationship between rural/urban residence and childhood or adolescent cancer survival in the United States. Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 registries database, the authors examined childhood and adolescent cancer survival by rural/urban residence as defined by Rural‐Urban Continuum Codes (RUCCs).
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Background
With improved cancer survivorship, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other noncancer events compete with cancer as the underlying cause of death, but the risks of mortality in competing‐risk settings have not been well characterized.
Methods
The authors identified 21,637 individuals who had a first cancer registered between 2006 and 2013, with follow‐up to 2015, in the Australian population‐based...
Background
Adequate social support for older adults is necessary to maintain quality of life and reduce mortality and morbidity. However, little is known regarding the social support needs of older adults with cancer. The objective of the current study was to examine social support needs, specifically the unmet needs, among older adults with cancer.
Methods
Medicare beneficiaries (those aged ≥65...
Background
Since the mid‐1980s, the burden of liver cancer in the United States has doubled, with 31,411 new cases and 24,698 deaths occurring in 2014. Foreign‐born individuals may be more likely to die of liver cancer than individuals in the general US‐born population because of higher rates of hepatitis B infection, a low socioeconomic position, and language barriers that limit the receipt of early...
Background
Fertility counseling before cancer treatment has been advocated by clinical guidelines, though little is known about its long‐term impact on the unique reproductive concerns of female adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors. The goal of this study was to measure the association between fertility counseling by fertility specialists before cancer treatment and subsequent reproductive...
Autophagy, also known as macroautophagy, is a tightly regulated process involved in the stress responses, such as starvation. It is a vacuolar, lysosomal pathway for the degradation of damaged proteins and organelles in eukaryotic cells. Autophagy also plays a key role in various tissue processes and immune responses and in the regulation of inflammation. Over the past decade, three levels of autophagy...
Background
Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are rare but deadly cancers (gallbladder cancer [GBC], intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma [ICC], extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma [ECC], and ampulla of Vater cancer [AVC]). A recent US study reported increasing GBC incidence among people younger than 45 years and blacks; however, it did not examine trends for other biliary tract sites.
Methods
This study characterized...
Background
Studies postulate that certain religious beliefs related to medical care influence the end‐of‐life (EOL) medical decision making and care of patients with advanced cancer. Because to the best of the authors’ knowledge no current measure explicitly assesses such beliefs, in the current study the authors introduced and evaluated the Religious Beliefs in EOL Medical Care (RBEC) scale, a new...
The immune system represents the major primary defense line against carcinogenesis and acts by identifying and eradicating nascent transformed cells. A growing body of evidence is indicating that aberrant epigenetic reprogramming plays a key role in tumor immune escape through: 1) impaired efficient recognition of neoplastic cells by the immune system, resulting from a downregulation or loss of the...
Background
The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Prostate (FACT‐P) and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network/Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Prostate Symptom Index‐17 (NFPSI‐17) are 2 commonly used measures for patient‐reported outcomes in prostate cancer trials. Their use may be enhanced by a better understanding of how change scores on the measures should be interpreted.
Methods...
Background
The impact of cancer and its treatment on employment and financial burden in adolescents/young adults (AYAs) is not fully known.
Methods
Eligibility for this cross‐sectional study of AYA cancer survivors included the diagnosis of a malignancy between ages 18 and 39 years and survey completion within 1 to 5 years from diagnosis and ≥1 year after therapy completion. Participants were selected...
Background
Experimental models have demonstrated that immune surveillance by cytotoxic lymphocytes can protect from spontaneous neoplasms and cancer. In humans, defective lymphocyte cytotoxicity is associated with the development of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, a hyperinflammatory syndrome. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, the degree to which human lymphocyte cytotoxicity protects...
Because yoga is increasingly recognized as a complementary approach to cancer symptom management, patients/survivors and providers need to understand its potential benefits and limitations both during and after treatment. The authors reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of yoga conducted at these points in the cancer continuum (N = 29; n = 13 during treatment, n = 12 post‐treatment, and n = 4...
Background
Relative to the general population, cancer patients and survivors may have an elevated risk of mortality from noncancer causes, such as cardiovascular disease and infections, but few studies have examined rates of noncancer mortality among patients diagnosed as adolescents and young adults (AYAs) (ages 15‐39 years).
Methods
The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was...
Background
Efforts to improve the quality of end‐of‐life (EOL) care depend on better knowledge of the care that children, adolescents, and young adults with cancer receive, including high‐intensity EOL (HI‐EOL) care. The objective was to assess the rates of HI‐EOL care in this population and to determine patient‐ and hospital‐related predictors of HI‐EOL from the French national hospital database...
Background
Cancer survival rates in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) have shown slow improvements in comparison with other age groups, and this may be due to lower participation in clinical trials. Little evidence has been provided regarding how nonmetropolitan residence may influence clinical trial enrollment for AYAs with cancer. This study sought to determine whether AYAs from nonmetropolitan...
Background
For patients with cancer, marijuana may be an alternative to prescription opioid analgesics. This study analyzed self‐reported marijuana and prescription opioid use among people with cancer over a 10‐year time period.
Methods
Population‐based data sets from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2005 and 2014 were compiled for respondents aged 20 to 60 years...
Background
Solid organ transplant recipients have an elevated risk of cancer. Quantifying deaths attributable to cancer can inform priorities to reduce cancer burden.
Methods
Linked transplantation and cancer registry data were used to identify incident cancers and deaths among solid organ transplant recipients in the United States (1987‐2014). Population‐attributable fractions (PAFs) of deaths...
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