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Despite advances in surgery and chemotherapy and the integration of antivascular endothelial growth factor therapy as well as poly(adenosine diphosphate–ribose) polymerase inhibitors into daily clinical practice, epithelial ovarian cancer remains the leading cause of death from gynecological cancer. The incorporation of new therapies with the potential to achieve long‐term disease remission is a clear...
Background
Optimal prognostic and predictive biomarkers for patients with advanced‐stage cancer patients who received immunotherapy (IO) are lacking. Inflammatory markers, such as the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the monocyte‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and the platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), are readily available. The authors investigated the association between these markers and clinical...
Background
Patients with microsatellite instability–high (MSI‐H)/mismatch repair–deficient (dMMR) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) show a significant response to checkpoint inhibitor therapies, but the economic impact of these therapies is unknown. A decision analytic model was used to explore the effectiveness and cost burden of MSI‐H/dMMR mCRC treatment.
Methods
The treatment of hypothetical...
In an article published in this issue of Cancer, D’Arcy et al link the incidence of cancer among recipients of solid organ transplantation (SOT) in the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients with data from regional and statewide cancer registries to examine cancer‐specific mortality for common malignancies in SOT recipients. This analysis helps to illuminate the role of immune surveillance across...
Background
A subset of patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors experience an accelerated tumor growth rate (TGR) in comparison with pretreatment kinetics; this is known as hyperprogression. This study assessed the relation between hyperprogressive disease (HPD) and treatment‐related toxicity and clinical factors.
Methods
This study reviewed patients with solid tumors who were enrolled...
Background
Phenotypic characterization of immune cells in the bone marrow (BM) of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is lacking.
Methods
T‐cell infiltration was quantified on BM biopsies from 13 patients with AML, and flow cytometry was performed on BM aspirates (BMAs) from 107 patients with AML who received treatment at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. The authors evaluated...
Substantial progress has been made in understanding ovarian cancer at the molecular and cellular level. Significant improvement in 5‐year survival has been achieved through cytoreductive surgery, combination platinum‐based chemotherapy, and more effective treatment of recurrent cancer, and there are now more than 280,000 ovarian cancer survivors in the United States. Despite these advances, long‐term...
Although recent decades have witnessed incremental improvements in the treatment of gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) carcinoma, outcomes remain modest. For locally advanced esophageal cancer, the addition of chemotherapy and/or radiation to surgery is considered the standard of care. Chemotherapy remains the primary treatment for metastatic disease and improves survival over best supportive care. However,...
Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents a major public health problem as the second leading cause of cancer‐related mortality in the United States. Of an estimated 140,000 newly diagnosed CRC cases in 2018, roughly one‐third of these patients will have a primary tumor located in the distal large bowel or rectum. The current standard‐of‐care approach includes curative‐intent surgery, often after preoperative...
Background
Response patterns with immune checkpoint inhibitors may be different from those with chemotherapy. Therefore, assessment of response to immunotherapy with the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST), version 1.1, could result in premature treatment termination. The randomized, open‐label, phase 3 CheckMate 141 trial (NCT02105636), which evaluated nivolumab in recurrent/metastatic...
Background
Nivolumab demonstrated durable responses and safety in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with Child‐Pugh class A cirrhosis in the CheckMate 040 trial, with rates of hepatotoxicity that were similar to those of non‐HCC populations. To the authors' knowledge, the safety and efficacy of nivolumab has not been established in patients with Child‐Pugh class B (CPB) cirrhosis, a population...
Newly developed immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) demonstrate impressive clinical activity. However, they can also cause life‐threatening side effects. The efficacy and toxicity associated with ICIs both derive from unregulated, enhanced immune activation. Health care providers have been hesitant to prescribe these medications to patients who have preexisting autoimmune disease (AD) because of concerns...
Background
Despite the rapid adoption of immunotherapies in advanced non–small cell lung cancer (advNSCLC), knowledge gaps remain about their real‐world (rw) performance.
Methods
This retrospective, observational, multicenter analysis used the Flatiron Health deidentified electronic health record‐derived database of rw patients with advNSCLC who received treatment with PD‐1 and/or PD‐L1 (PD‐[L]1)...
Advanced renal cell carcinoma has historically carried a poor prognosis with very limited treatment options. However, in recent years, the treatment landscape has changed drastically, with many new therapeutic options and improved survival for patients. Novel treatments consist of molecularly targeted agents against the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway as well as the immune checkpoint...
Despite recent advances in the management of colorectal cancer, metastatic disease remains challenging, and patients are rarely cured. However, a better understanding of the pathways implicated in the evolution and proliferation of cancer cells has led to the development of targeted therapies, that is, agents with action directed at these pathways/features. This approach is more specific to cells...
Background
The large registry, PROVENGE Registry for the Observation, Collection, and Evaluation of Experience Data (PROCEED)(NCT01306890), evaluated sipuleucel‐T immunotherapy for asymptomatic/minimally symptomatic metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).
Methods
PROCEED enrolled patients with mCRPC receiving 3 biweekly sipuleucel‐T infusions. Assessments included overall survival...
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