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The research aims to verify the universal relationship between vessel shape and the risk of hemolysis using a rheological model of blood reflecting the physiological processes related to blood for any blood vessel. Blood is a multi‐component fluid, the rheology of which depends on many factors, such as the concentration of red blood cells and local shear stress, which significantly affect the process...
When modeling complex fluid networks using one‐dimensional (1D) approaches, boundary conditions can be imposed using zero‐dimensional (0D) models. An application case is the modeling of the entire human circulation using closed‐loop models. These models can be considered as a tool to investigate short‐term transient and stationary hemodynamic responses to postural changes. The first shortcoming of...
Arterial hypertension, defined as an increase in systemic arterial pressure, is a major risk factor for the development of diseases affecting the cardiovascular system. Every year, 9.4 million deaths worldwide are caused by complications arising from hypertension. Despite well‐established approaches to diagnosis and treatment, fewer than half of all hypertensive patients have adequately controlled...
Blood flow within the left ventricle provides important information regarding cardiac function in health and disease. The mitral valve strongly influences the formation of flow structures and there exist various approaches for the representation of the valve in numerical models of left ventricular blood flow. However, a systematic comparison of the various mitral valve models is missing, making a...
Biomechanics of biological fibrous tissues as the meniscus are strongly influenced by past histories of strains involving the so‐called material hereditariness. In this paper, a three‐axial model of linear hereditariness that makes use of fractional‐order calculus is used to describe the constitutive behavior of the tissue. Fluid flow across meniscus' pores is modeled in this paper with Darcy relation...
A multimeric glycoprotein of blood plasma—Von Willebrand factor (VWF)—mediates platelet adhesion to the fibrillar collagen of the subendothelial matrix if the blood vessel walls are damaged. The adsorption of VWF to collagen is thus essential for the initial stages of platelet hemostasis and thrombosis, as it plays a role of a molecular bridge between the injury and platelet adhesion receptors. Biomechanical...
In this work, we develop numerical methods for the solution of blood flow and coagulation on dynamic adaptive moving meshes. We consider the blood flow as a flow of incompressible Newtonian fluid governed by the Navier–Stokes equations. The blood coagulation is introduced through the additional Darcy term, with a permeability coefficient dependent on reactions. To this end, we introduce moving mesh...
Proteolytic reactions on the phospholipid membrane surface, so‐called “membrane‐dependent” reactions, play central role in the process of blood clotting. One particularly important example is FX activation by the extrinsic tenase (VIIa/TF). Here we constructed three mathematical models of FX activation by VIIa/TF: (A) a homogeneous “well‐mixed” model, (B) a two‐compartment “well‐mixed” model, (C)...
Respiratory viral infections, such as SARS‐CoV‐2 or influenza, can lead to impaired mucociliary clearance in the bronchial tree due to increased mucus viscosity and its hyper‐secretion. We develop in this work a mathematical model to study the interplay between viral infection and mucus motion. The results of numerical simulations show that infection progression can be characterized by three main...
Biomechanical modeling and simulation is expected to play a significant role in the development of the next generation tools in many fields of medicine. However, full‐order finite element models of complex organs such as the heart can be computationally very expensive, thus limiting their practical usability. Therefore, reduced models are much valuable to be used, for example, for pre‐calibration...
The effect of mechano‐electrical feedback on re‐entry formation and maintenance was studied using a model of myocardial electromechanics that accounts for two components of myocardial conductivity and delayed strain‐dependent changes in membrane capacitance that causes a conduction slowing. Two scenarios were simulated in 2D numerical experiments: (i) propagation of an excitation–contraction wave...
Prediction of blood cell flow is known as the difficult research by reason of the complexity of blood vessel. In this study, considering the complex structure of blood vessels, a mechanical model for red blood cell (RBC) based on unstructured grid has been established to study the flow characteristics of RBCs in complex blood vessels. In the model, the strain‐energy function by Skalak is employed...
Arterial pulse waveforms contain a wealth of information about the cardiovascular system. There is a lack of physical meaning in the mathematical model of arterial pulse waves, while the physical model fails to offer individuality as too many assumptions are involved. In this article, we focus on promoting the interpretability of the arterial pulse mathematical model. The proposed method is based...
This study examines the use of computer‐aided analysis to evaluate the biomechanical performance of Schanz screws made from different additive manufacturing materials (Ti6Al4V, 316 L, Inconel 625, and Inconel 718) in a pertrochanteric fixator for the treatment of intertrochanteric femoral fractures. Intertrochanteric fractures (ITFs) are severe traumas often seen in the elderly population and can...
Low back pain has been reported to have a high prevalence among occupational drivers. Whole‐body vibration during the driving environment has been found to be a possible factor leading to low back pain. Vibration loads might lead to degeneration and herniation of the intervertebral disc, which would increase incidence of low back problems among drivers. Some previous studies have reported the effects...
The inflammatory phase is an important event in the skin wound healing process. The deposition of granulation tissue in the wound bed and the rebuilding of the vascular network occur as inflammation diminishes. An angiogenic component in the formation of granulation tissue is the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor, which assists in the chemotaxis, proliferation, and replication of fibroblasts...
In this paper, we develop an algorithm to simulate blood flows in aneurysmal arteries and focus on the construction of robust and efficient multilevel preconditioners to speed up the convergence of both linear and nonlinear solvers. The work is motivated by the observation that in the local aneurysmal region, the flow is often quite complicated with one or more vortices, but in the healthy section...
Restenosis typically occurs in regions of low and oscillating wall shear stress, which also favor the accumulation of atherogenic macromolecules such as low‐density lipoprotein (LDL). This study aims to evaluate LDL transport and accumulation at the carotid artery bifurcation following carotid artery stenting (CAS) by means of computational simulation. The computational model consists of coupled blood...
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