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Ecological speciation via host‐shifting is often invoked as a mechanism for insect diversification, but the relative importance of this process is poorly understood. The shift of Rhagoletis pomonella in the 1850s from the native downy hawthorn, Crataegus mollis, to introduced apple, Malus pumila, is a classic example of sympatric host race formation, a hypothesized early stage of ecological speciation...
Most approaches to species delimitation to date have considered divergence‐only models. Although these models are appropriate for allopatric speciation, their failure to incorporate many of the population‐level processes that drive speciation, such as gene flow (e.g., in sympatric speciation), places an unnecessary limit on our collective understanding of the processes that produce biodiversity. To...
The formation of new species via the accumulation of incompatible genetic changes is thought to result either from ecologically based divergent natural selection or the order by which mutations happen to arise, leading to different evolutionary trajectories even under similar selection pressures. There is growing evidence in support of both ecological speciation and mutation‐order speciation, but...
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