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This review details the proceedings of a Pennington Biomedical scientific symposium titled, “What Should I Eat and Why? The Environmental, Genetic, and Behavioral Determinants of Food Choice.” The symposium was designed to review the literature about energy homeostasis, particularly related to food choice and feeding behaviors, from psychology to physiology. This review discusses the intrinsic determinants...
Objective
The high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and obesity drives the need for successful strategies that elevate vitamin D levels, prevent adipogenesis, and stimulate lipolysis. This study provides a theoretical model to evaluate how physical activity (PA) and sunlight exposure influence serum vitamin D levels and regional adiposity. This study hypothesized a posteriori that sunlight is associated...
Objective
This study’s aim was to assess the prevalence of hyperlipidemia and its association with birth weight and BMI at 2 years of age and 5 to 6 years of age in full‐term–born children.
Methods
A population‐based, large‐scale survey of hyperlipidemia was conducted. Information on 12,701 children aged 5 to 6 years was retrospectively collected from electronic health care records.
Results
The...
Objective
The aim of this study was to explore the causal effects and pathways from body components to extensive metabolic phenotypes.
Methods
Summarized data including 24 metabolic phenotypes from 10 consortiums were used to perform univariate, multivariable, and bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis based on the network design.
Results
For metabolically related biomarkers, a 1‐SD increase...
Objective
The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that youths with obesity, when removed from structured school activities and confined to their homes during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, will display unfavorable trends in lifestyle behaviors.
Methods
The sample included 41 children and adolescents with obesity participating in a longitudinal observational study located in Verona,...
Objective
This study hypothesized that both preconception and postchildbearing patterns of cardiometabolic risk factors may be different for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) compared with women without GDM.
Methods
Among 1,302 (51% black) women in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study with births and followed for 30 years, this study evaluated changes...
Objective
The current study examined whether adolescents with weight status ranging from lean to obesity showed weight‐related differences in the default mode network (DMN), the executive function network (EFN), and the salience network (SN).
Methods
One hundred sixty‐four adolescents participated in a resting‐state functional connectivity scan. A general linear model was used to examine differences...
Objective
It is controversial whether low‐carbohydrate diets are better suited for weight control and metabolic health than high‐carbohydrate diets. This study examined whether these diets induce different improvements in body composition and glucose tolerance in obese mice during caloric restriction (CR).
Methods
Male C57BL/6J mice were fed an obesogenic diet ad libitum for 18 weeks and then subjected...
Objective
The aim of this study was to determine whether human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) at 1 month predicted infant weight gain at 6 months and whether associations varied by HMO secretor status.
Methods
Participants were 157 Hispanic mother‐infant pairs. Human milk samples were collected at 1 month. Nineteen individual HMOs were analyzed using high‐performance liquid chromatography, and secretor...
Objective
This study provides a comprehensive overview of the associations of five adipokines (adiponectin, chemerin, galectin‐3, leptin, and resistin) with fat deposits, behavioral risk factors, and metabolic phenotypes.
Methods
Using multivariable linear and logistic regression models, cross‐sectional data from 4,116 participants of the population‐based Study of Health in Pomerania were analyzed...
Objective
The lateral parabrachial nucleus (lPBN) in the brainstem has emerged as a key area involved in feeding control that is targeted by several circulating anorexigenic hormones. Here, the objective was to determine whether the lPBN is also a relevant site for the orexigenic hormone ghrelin, inspired by studies in mice and rats showing that there is an abundance of ghrelin receptors in this...
Objective
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a ketone ester (KE)‐supplemented diet on energy expenditure (EE) and adiposity in mice housed at 23 °C versus thermoneutrality (30 °C), in which sympathetic nervous system activity is diminished.
Methods
Thirty‐two 10‐week‐old male C57BL/6J mice were assigned to 1 of 4 groups (n = 8 per group): 30% KE diet + 23 °C (KE23), control (CON)...
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