Objective
This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to examine the effects of out‐of‐school physical activity (PA) interventions, based on Self‐Determination Theory (SDT), on basic psychological needs (BPN), motivation toward PA, and PA levels in youths.
Design
Systematic review and meta‐analyses.
Method
We searched for intervention studies examining the effects of PA interventions based on SDT implemented outside the school published in English and Spanish in six electronic databases up to January 2022.
Results
Outcomes of interest were BPN, motivation, and PA levels. In total, nine studies were included in this review. Seven individual meta‐analyses were conducted for each variable, revealing nonsignificant clustered effects for the outcomes autonomy satisfaction (g = 0.12, 95% CI [−0.31, 0.55]), competence satisfaction (g = 0.02, 95% CI [−0.28, 0.32]), relatedness satisfaction (g = 0.13, 95% CI [−0.43, 0.68]), autonomous motivation (g = 0.15, 95% CI [−0.38, 0.67]), controlled motivation (g = 0.12, 95% CI [−0.32, 0.55]), amotivation (g = −0.36, 95% CI [−0.88, 0.16]), and PA behavior (g = 0.02, 95% CI [−0.08, 0.12]).
Conclusion
Meta‐analyses suggest that out‐of‐school PA interventions based on SDT are not effective in increasing levels of needs satisfaction, types of motivation, and PA levels.