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Background. Age Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) affecting the organ of vision, impairs central vision. The study objective was (1) to define the prevalence of sleep disorders and depressive symptoms in patients with AMD, (2) to assess the relationship of depressive symptoms and insomnia with chosen demographic data, (3) to assess a potential correlation of the exacerbating vision quality with depressive...
This paper presents past and recent water management in the area called the Vistula Delta Fens (Żuławy Fens). This area (56 x 56 km) is located at the outlet of the Vistula River to the Baltic Sea, at the shore of the Gulf of Gdańsk. A large part of the area (30%) is located below sea level as potentially submerged depressions. A multitude of rivers, channels, ditches and pumping stations have been...
Overtraining is a maladaptive state of athlete’s body related to the physical, behavioral and emotional condition, occurring when exercise training exceeds the recoverability. The cytokine hypothesis of overtraining promoted in recent years is seen as the prevailing theory explaining the understanding of the overtraining phenomenon. The high level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNFα, IL-1β)...
Background. Previous studies have shown that patients suffering from depression are more likely to adversely change their eating habits (eg. through increases in appetite, comfort eating and compulsive eating), which may result in an abnormal nutritional status. Objectives. To evaluate selected dietary habits, such as the number and type of meals consumed during a normal day and comparing dietary...
Depression is one of the most common affective disorders. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it is currently the fourth major global health problem (Kessler et al. 2003). The growing number of people suffering from depression has motivated the scientists to search for new antidepressant drugs. Since numerous studies revealed that NMDA receptor may be involved in the mechanism of action...
It is well known that monoamine neurotransmitters: noradrenaline (NA) and serotonin (5-HT) play a key role in central nervous system (CNS) in pathophysiology of depression. The alterations in their metabolism in the brain seem to be related to the therapeutic action of antidepressants. Abnormalities with monoaminergic storage and neurotransmission are associated with a number of neurological disorders...
Postmortem studies of depressed patients showed that one of the most consistent findings is a decrease in the density of glial cells in human brain cortical regions, especially in the prefrontal and cingular areas. Furthermore, a decline in the number of astrocytes in the prefrontal cortex was found in rats after chronic unpredictable stress – one of the generally accepted animal models of depression...
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