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The paper presents system level simulation results on future base station energy saving using a time-triggered sleep model. The energy efficiency of future base station is compared in macro cellular network against a comparable baseline without usage of sleep modes. Furthermore, results for corresponding 4G case are shown using a restricted set of sleep modes supported by 4G networks. The paper also...
In this paper, we analyzed near-threshold-voltage (NTV) CMOS circuits with various body bias and proposed an NTV adder design with dual body bias. By adopting different body bias in the same time, adder delay and leakage power can be reduced. Also, the critical path is optimized to achieve better energy efficiency. The performance analysis are all performed under TSMC 90nm CMOS process with Monte...
The performance and efficiency of conventional carry skip adder structure is improved by employing increment and concatenation scheme. In the existing system the multiplier is used which consumes more power. Instead of using this structure that consists of AND-OR-INVERTER (AOI) and OR-AND-INVERTER (OAI) is used for skip logic. Further development in energy and speed can be achieved by the structures...
Designing multipliers that are of high-speed, low power, and regular in layout are of substantial research interest. Speed of the multiplier can be increased by reducing the generated partial products. Many attempts have been made to reduce the number of partial products generated in a multiplication process one of them is array multiplier. array multiplier half adder have been used to sum the carry...
To improve the performance of reverse converter, the residue numeral system is proposed using Han-Carlson structure with excess one unit. They generate and propagate signals are transmitted to the radix tree and the data structure is used to store the strings that allows fast look up. Han-Carlson reduces the complexity and it supports the huge number of adders with high performance operation. This...
In arithmetic operation, adder is the basic hardware unit. So adder performance affects the overall system-performance. Carry Select Adder (CSLA) is widely used in many data processors for high speed application and in digital circuits to perform arithmetic operations. The Regular Square root (SQRT) CSLA consumes more area due to the presence of two Ripple Carry Adders (RCA) in the structure. To optimize...
Arithmetic Logic Units are one of the vital unit in general purpose processors and major source of power dissipation. In this paper we have demonstrated an optimized Arithmetic and Logic Unit through the use of an optimized carry select adder. Carry select adders have been considered as the best in their category in terms of power and delay. In this context a full adder optimized in terms of power...
Almost Blank Subframes (ABSs) are an important part of enhanced Inter-Cell Interference Coordination in 3GPP standard. The concept of ABS is to blank some subframes of macro base stations (MBSs), therefore, PBSs can have no interference from MBSs during these periods. In this work, we propose Multi-tone ABS to enhance ABS, which is referred to single-tone since only two choices can be applied on each...
The objective of increasing the Energy Efficiency of communication systems must cope with a sustained growth of the market, a greater penetration of broadband services in everyday life, higher data rate services and a large increase of the number of mobile subscriptions. In this scenario, a particular attention has to be devoted to energy saving strategies that may also contribute to the reduction...
Data applications can tolerate an initial delay before packet transmission begins. It is possible to take advantage of this initial delay to reduce the energy required to operate the small access points (SAPs) and decrease transmission power in small cell networks. To demonstrate the trade-off between delay and transmit power, we consider a simple access scheme and analyze the distribution of the...
Many power-aware resource allocation problems in packet networks can be modeled as single-server queueing systems, in which the power consumption depends on the actual service rate. We consider the scenario in which the queue service rate is controlled to minimize server power consumption. We show that power control methods that tune the service rate by using the queue length or the arrival rate exhibit...
Sink mobility has become an increasingly important requirement of various sensor network applications. Handling such mobile sink conditions brings new challenges to large-scale sensor networking. This investigation proposed a hybrid-structure routing protocol (HSRP) that combines the benefits of grid-based and cluster-based structures. Grid-based structure is designed to solve the cluster head selection...
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