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Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs) differ from the traditional Mobile Ad Hoc networks (MANETs) in that DTNs are not always interconnected. The issue of routing data in a DTN is considered here. Many routing protocols exist for DTNs. Some are based on comparing nodes to each other, whereas others focus on the internal properties of the messages they hold. There are wide ranges of protocols, and they perform...
To detect and isolate the misbehaving nodes in MANETs, reputation-based security schemes have been developed. These schemes either utilize only first-hand (direct) information or both first-hand and second-hand (direct) information, to compute the trustworthiness of nodes. Both of the aforementioned categories have their own strengths and weaknesses under different network conditions and scenarios...
An optimal energy scheme for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) is developed in this paper. Four elements are considered as the most important keys that influence network performance; these four elements are transmission power, interference, link lifetime, and load balance. A load balance approach is involved to distribute the traffic over available routes to address well-known problem in energy efficient...
Delay-Tolerant Mobile Sensor Network (DTMSN) distinguishes itself from traditional Wireless Sensor Network by several distinctive characteristics. Since end-to-end connections in DTMSN exist with certain probability, the conventional routing protocols for WSN may achieve poor network performance under these challenging scenarios. Hotspot-Based Adaptive Routing (HAR) is a routing scheme designed for...
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) use many different routing protocols to route data packets between nodes. These routing protocols are designed taking for granted that all nodes are cooperative and willing to forward control and data packets from and to other nodes. However, when selfish nodes exist in the network, the network performance may degrade significantly. In previous research, selfish nodes...
In this paper, we first present a heterogeneous theoretical framework for DTNs where the contact between nodes is based on independent differently distributed assumption. Moreover, the message forwarding process follows a Gamma Distribution. Then, we propose a new spray routing scheme based on this framework. Moreover, we compare our routing protocol with traditional spray routing (TSR) protocols...
There is an increasing interest in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) for their potential use in several fields such as collaborative computing, tactical networks and multimedia communications. Thus, MANETs need to support multiple communication flows in the network, while guaranteeing a good performance. In this paper, we analyze the performance of a MANET by simulations, considering multiple flows...
As Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) are attracting attention for their potential use in several fields such as collaborative computing and multimedia communications, there is an increasing need to minimize the overhead introduced by routing protocols in the network. In this paper, we analyze the performance of a MANET by simulations, in terms of RREQ, RREP and RERR, considering Random Waypoint Mobility...
In this work, we evaluate the performance of DYMO routing protocol in different VANET scenarios. We investigate the effect of density and speed in the performance of communication between nodes using different node densities and speeds for the same simulation area. As evaluation metric, we use Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR). The simulation results have shown that with the increasing of the nodes density...
Opportunistic networks are the manifestation of wireless ad-hoc networks where there is no continuous end-to-end path. The forwarding of messages takes place via any nodes that are encountered, and therefore the measurement of message passing efficiency between nodes becomes challenging if a number of different protocols are to be compared and evaluated. Prior work has identified an evaluation framework...
Wireless networks are continuing to attract attention for their potential use in several fields such as ad-hoc networks, sensor networks, mesh networks, and vehicular networks. Vehicular Ad-hoc networks (VANETs) are expected to be massively deployed in upcoming vehicles, because their use can improve the road safety and comfort. The effective implementation of vehicular communication could improve...
The high mobility and variability of road traffic has hampered the design of efficient communication protocols and the deployment of new services in vehicular networks. Nevertheless, the newly-introduced notion of virtual mobile nodes (VMNs) has the potential to turn wireless ad hoc networks into more predictable environments, facing the significant challenges raised by the mobility of the (real)...
Due to recent advances in mobile wireless communication and computing technologies, Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) have become the network of choice for use in various applications. But this advantage comes with serious security concerns, in particular from a wireless transmission medium perspective where such networks may be subject to data tampering and dropping attacks. This paper enhances a recently...
Delay tolerant networks are intermittently connected. In this paper, we propose a DTN routing scheme EBR. The scheme is based on the idea of exploiting inter-contact time between mobile nodes to predict the number of nodes with no copy a node will encounter within the expected delay. In EBR, every node with message copies dynamically chooses the number of copies by itself. We evaluate the performance...
In wireless ad-hoc networks where there is no continuous end-to-end path we move into the area of opportunistic networks. Forwarding messages via any encountered nodes, such as the mobile devices that many users already carry. Normally we are looking for the most efficient method of passing these messages across the network, but how do we evaluate the different methods. We propose to develop a framework...
Topology change is the main factor that affects the network life time of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) applications. In static WSN, the topology change is often caused by node failure which is due to energy depletion. However, in the Mobile WSN (MWSN), the main reason of the topology change is caused by the node movement. Since the mobile sensor nodes are limited in power supply and have a low radio...
DYMO as a routing protocol is newly intended for use by mobile nodes in wireless multihop network. It offers adaptation to changing network topology and determines unicast routes between nodes within the network on-demand. It is designed for MANET (Mobile Ad hoc Network) in small, medium, and large node populations. It handles all mobility ranges and various traffic patterns. It is simulated using...
Mobile ad hoc networks are characterized by their highly dynamic, multi-hop, and infrastructure-less nature. Due to limited computing power, scarce bandwidth, high mobility and the lack of a central coordinating entity, service discovery in these network is a challenging task. The great majority of service discovery protocols developed for MANETs deal with the above issues at the application layer...
This paper analyses the two common routing protocols, AODV and DSR in Ad-Hoc network. On the OPNET network simulation platform, a systematically simulation and research has been carried out on the performance of two routing protocols, and how the network environments impact on the performance of routing protocol. The packet delivery ratio and average delay of these two indicators have been selected...
Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) have been gaining tremendous attention owing to the advances in wireless technologies accompanied by many applications and implementations. However, there are still a number of issues in MANETs which require further investigations and efficient solutions. Out of these issues, broadcasting in MANETs has been a major problem for both industry and the research community...
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