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Coagulation-microfiltration process was used to treat the wastewater containing silver from silver powder factories. Adopting sodium hydroxide as coagulants, four stages tests were conducted. The membrane fouling in coagulation- microfiltration treatment wastewater containing silver was researched. The effect factors of the membrane fouling, such as the volume of the effluent, the mixed liquor suspended...
This paper presents the design and optimisation of a very high quality (Q) factor inductor using MEMS technology for 10 GHz to 20 GHz frequency band. The effects of various parameters of a symmetric inductor structure on the Q-factor and inductance are thoroughly analysed. The inductor has been designed on silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) substrate because it offers superior characteristics of low substrate...
This paper presents high Q and high current on-chip inductors manufactured in an innovative Radio Frequency (RF) Back End Of Line (BEOL), made of two 3 mum thick top copper levels, integrated in an Advanced Low Power 65 nm RF CMOS technology. Achieved inductors using this optimized RF BEOL are firstly reported, compared with those using one single thick copper level BEOL, and benchmarked with current...
This paper describes theoretical as well as practical aspects in designing low phase noise LC CMOS oscillators. It starts with an overview of the different oscillator performance parameters found in a typical oscillator specification sheet. It also describes the LC-tank oscillation phenomena by analyzing a simplified LC oscillator circuit. Oscillator phase noise analysis is then introduced as a logical...
Enhanced analytical equations are derived to predict the inductance and series resistance of a common active inductor configuration. The equations, based on MOSFET small-signal parameters, are used to predict the inductance and series resistance of an active inductor implemented in a 0.18 ??m CMOS process. The inductor's characteristics are presented, demonstrating analytical equation accuracy and...
Fault current limiter (FCL) concepts based on non-inductive high temperature superconducting (HTS) coils were studied. The coils employed second generation (2G) HTS wire based on YBCO coated conductor currently under development at American superconductor corporation (AMSC) and other places. Two FCL concepts were studied: a) series and b) shunt. The series limiter employs a coil in series with the...
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