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This paper proposes a new battery management system (BMS) for a series string of battery cells. The proposed control structure is based on a duality of the adaptive droop control theory used in grid / microgrid connected sources. The presented BMS control structure yields higher reliability compared to the conventional ones due to its decentralization features and its communication-less ability. The...
Regenerative braking technology is crucial for electric vehicle applications. Where, the motor is used as a generator to charge the vehicle's battery. However, the regenerated energy is not fully returned to the battery. Some power losses are experienced in between such as losses in the motor's armature and switching losses. The motor drive system described in this paper has an energy storage system...
Energy storages are indispensable in regard to the development of the smart grid with increasing fluctuating power generation. A valid choice of energy storages is important to ensure the efficiency of the system and selected application. This study describes an initial approach to model energy storage systems as an equivalent circuit. This model is capable of analyzing different load scenarios and...
The lithium-ion battery is a multi-physics body, which invovles electrical, thermal and electrochemical dynamics. To enhance the understanding of battery system dynamics, in this paper, the electro-thermal coupled model is proposed for 18650 li-ion cell. The cell sizing, physical property of cell material and the cell's direct resistance under different state of charge (SoC) is introduced to calculate...
In this study, implementation of design and simulation programme of a solar energy (photovoltaic panel) supported hybrid electric vehicle was designed, which is considered to be widely used in the 21st century. In the study, DC motor was simulated for a serial hybrid electric vehicle in ICE-generator and photovoltaic panel matlab/simulink environment. Moreover, a .m file was written by calculating...
At present, there are two typical electromotive drive train system (EDTS) configurations on the market. On the one hand, there are high voltage systems for conventional cars with system voltages in the range of 400 V – 800 V. In industrial truck and fork lifter applications, there are low voltage solutions with a system voltage of 80 V. A main question at this topic is: “Which system battery voltage...
As lithium-ion batteries play an important role for the electrification of mobility due to their high power and energy density, battery lifetime prediction is a fundamental aspect for successful market introduction. This work shows the development of a lifetime prediction model based on accelerated aging tests. To investigate the impact of different voltages and temperatures on capacity loss and resistance...
The TU/e has developed a battery electric vehicle (BEV) using a VW Lupo 3L as donor platform. The differences between the initial design calculations and actual vehicle performance are analysed. Battery charging and discharging efficiency, acceleration performance and top speed are as expected. The range at low, constant speeds is less than expected, due to a higher rolling resistance and lower power...
This paper proposed a switch-based charger system instead of LDO-based charger for Li-Ion batteries. The automatic power monitor (APM) controls three main power delivery paths to generate five different charging cases. Moreover, with the proposed smooth transition loop selector (STLS), the charging process can transfer smoothly and never oscillate between two consecutive stages. Furthermore, the STLS...
The lead acid battery, which has been used in electric vehicle since a long time, are now even studied because of the low cost. In this paper some common battery models are recommended, and a third-order dynamic model for lead acid battery is implemented. The identification and validation of the parameters of the proposed lead acid battery model is also mentioned. Finally, the battery model is used...
It is very important for a battery electric vehicle to improve energy utilization efficiency because of limited energy storage on board. According to different viewpoint and requirements for battery electric vehicles, four kinds of evaluation methods were established, respectively. Analysis and comparison between different evaluation methods were performed with the help of simulation and bus demonstration...
The project is a collaboration between the “Polo per la Mobilità Sostenibile” (Pomos) and NOZOMI Motor and it is focused on the hybridization of an off-road vehicle, with 2.2 litres four cylinders petrol engine. The aim is to build an hybrid parallel vehicle with only few simple upgrades. Through these we expect to reduce fuel consumption by 25% and the formation of pollutants. This project provides...
The super-capacitor SC, due its low internal resistance, can reduce the SLI battery size, prolong its lifetime and improve the starting ability of internal combustion engine ICE namely at low temperature or at worn-out battery. To verify the SC suitability the DYNAST model has been prepared, where various influences can be examined. The actual model includes important resistances and inertias as well...
In this paper, the compensation of internal resistance of the Li-Ion battery is proposed. The requirement of fast and steady charger becomes the most important issue for power management ICs. Refer to the characteristics of the battery, how to charge the battery with adequate current and fasten the time of charging is critical to the devisers. Due to the impedance of battery pack, the energy of charger...
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