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An unconventional software testing method, fault injection based on fault model, is enhanced to improve the software reliability testing and measurements. Dynamic fault models for injecting faults through software are investigated and reported in this paper including memory faults, CPU faults and communication fault models. Dynamic fault models can be used to simulate influences which are caused by...
Fault injection is an effective method for PHM and testability validation. However, with the increasing complexity of structures and functions, and with the promotion of integration levels for airborne prognostics and health management (PHM) and integrated modular avionics (IMA) systems, fault injection is often difficult to use in conventional “plug,” “probe,” or “adaptor plate” methods. Fault injection...
Physical attacks, such as fault attacks, pose a decisive threat for the security of devices in the Internet of Things. An important class of countermeasures for fault attacks is fault tolerant software that is applicable for systems based on COTS hardware. In order to evaluate software countermeasures against fault attacks, fault injection is needed. However, established fault injection approaches...
Hardware errors are on the rise with reducing feature sizes, however tolerating them in hardware is expensive. Researchers have explored software-based techniques for building error resilient applications. Many of these techniques leverage application-specific resilience characteristics to keep overheads low. Understanding application-specific resilience characteristics requires software fault-injection...
Traditional approaches to evaluating a system's vulnerability to Single Event Upsets (SEUs) require elaborate and costly radiation beam testing or time-consuming simulation. While beam testing represents definitive evidence of a processor's susceptibility to radiation-induced upsets, we believe that low-cost in-house bit error injection tests provide a valuable tool both in their own right and as...
This paper presents how model-implemented fault injection can be utilized to simulate the effect of hardware-related faults in embedded systems. A fault injection environment has been developed to enable comparison of experiments at model level and hardware level using Simulink and an Infineon microcontroller, respectively. Experiments at model level, leading to safety requirement violations, are...
The paper presents the new software library supporting development of the fault-robust applications. The main goals of the proposed software hardening mechanisms are: usage simplicity for the programmer, independence from the development tool, effectiveness in terms of fault coverage, low static and dynamic overheads. The paper describes implemented software mechanisms and discusses their effectiveness...
Last year we were able to break KeeLoq, which is a 64 bit block cipher that is popular for remote keyless entry (RKE) systems. KeeLoq RKEs are widely used for access control purposes such as garage openers or car door systems. Even though the attack seems almost straightforward in hindsight, there where many practical and theoretical problems to overcome. In this talk I want to describe the evolution...
The automatic testing tools of component security bring great effect on component-based software engineering, and they can effectively ensure the security of component-based software. A prototype tool named CSTS (component security testing system) is designed and implemented to test the security of the widely-used COTS (Commercial-off-the-Shelf) Microsoft COM (component object model) component. CSTS,...
As the incidence of faults in real Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) increases, fault injection is starting to be adopted to verify and validate their design choices. Following this recent trend, this paper presents a tool, named AVR-INJECT, designed to automate the fault injection, and analysis of results, on WSN nodes. The tool emulates the injection of hardware faults, such as bit flips, acting via...
In this paper the fault tolerance behavior of a PIC micro-controller has been concerned by fault injection method. This experiment is based on injection of 70 different transient faults in various points. The faults have been injected into a structural-level VHDL model. Repeating each experiment for 200 times, result in 14000 transient fault injections into model of this microcontroller. The experimental...
Soft errors are emerging as a new challenge in computer applications. Current studies about soft errors mainly focus on the circuit and architecture level. Few works discuss the impact of soft errors on programs. This paper presents a novel approach named PRASE, which can analyze the reliability of a program with the effect of soft errors. Based on the simple probability theory and the corresponding...
Fault-injection based dependability analysis has proved to be an efficient mean to predict the behavior of a circuit in presence of faults. Emulation-based approaches enable fast and flexible analyses of significant designs such as processors running significant application software. This paper presents the results obtained with an encryption application and questions the usefulness and the effectiveness...
Research has shown that modern micro-architectures are vulnerable to soft errors, i.e., temporary errors caused by voltage spikes produced by cosmic radiation. Soft-error impact is usually evaluated using fault injection, a black-box testing approach similar to mutation testing. In this paper, we complement an existing evaluation of a prototype brake-by-wire controller, developed by Volvo Technology,...
The problem of detection of control flow errors in software has been studied extensively in literature and many detection techniques have been proposed. These techniques typically have high memory and performance overheads and hence are unusable for real-time embedded systems which have tight memory and performance budgets. This paper presents two algorithms by which the overheads associated with...
The paper addresses the problem of creating a comprehensive fault injection environment, which integrates and improves various simulation and supplementary functions. This is illustrated with experimental results.
SRAM-based Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are becoming more and more popular among aerospace devices. Radiation effects have to be investigated in order to measure the fault tolerance degree of the applications and to validate new mitigation techniques. Fault injection is one of the possible evaluation methods. Several platforms have been developed in the past years in order to inject soft...
Embedded processors, like for example processor macros inside modern FPGAs, are becoming widely used in many applications. As soon as these devices are deployed in radioactive environments, designers need hardening solutions to mitigate radiation-induced errors. When low-cost applications have to be developed, the traditional hardware redundancy-based approaches exploiting m-way replication and voting...
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