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This paper addresses the problem of scheduling periodic parallel tasks on a multi-resource platform, where tasks have real-time constraints. The goal is to exploit the inherent parallelism of a platform comprised of multiple heterogeneous resources. A resource model is proposed, which abstracts the key properties of any heterogeneous resource from a scheduling perspective. A new scheduling algorithm...
In networked control systems (NCS), the performance degradation introduced by the heterogeneous and dynamic environment has intensified the need for reconfigurable protocol stacks (RPS). In this paper, an IEC61499-based method is proposed for the model-driven development of RPS. The method is enabled by defining a novel RPS function block (FB), which unifies the communication behavior and interface...
In this paper we propose a synchronization protocol for resource sharing among independently-developed real-time systems on multi-core platforms. The systems may use different scheduling policies and they may have their own local priority settings. Each system is allocated on a dedicated processor (core). In the proposed synchronization protocol, each system is abstracted by an interface which abstracts...
Embedded real-time systems often have to support the embedding system in very different and changing application scenarios. An aircraft taxiing, taking off and in cruise flight is one example. The different application scenarios are reflected in the software structure with a changing task set and thus different operational modes. At the same time there is a strong push for integrating previously isolated...
Recent years have seen an increasing interest in the scheduling of mixed-criticality real-time systems. These systems are composed of groups of tasks with different levels of criticality deployed over the same processor(s). Such systems must be able to accommodate additional execution-time requirements that may occasionally be needed. When overload conditions develop, critical tasks must still meet...
A Framework for Integrated Routing, Scheduling and Traffic Management (FIRST) in Ad Hoc Networks is introduced. Unicast and multicast routes are established in coordination with the scheduling of transmissions and bandwidth reservations in a way that bandwidth and delay guarantees can be enforced on a per-hop and end-to-end basis. Results from detailed simulation experiments show that, compared to...
RT-GRIS, our grid portal, has two purposes. One is effective CPU scavenging and other is supporting a great number of grid node. CPU-scavenging, cycle-scavenging, cycle stealing or shared computing creates a “grid” from the unused resources in a network of participants. It is an important technique for a distribution of grid job and node resource. And, if the grid portal uses fewer resources, those...
This paper proposes a power scheduling-based communication protocol for in-home appliances connected over home area network and receiving real-time electricity prices via a smart meter. Specifically, a joint media access and appliance scheduling approach is developed to allow appliances to coordinate power usage so that total demand for the home is kept below a target value. Two types of appliances...
Due to the increase in demand for reconfigurability in embedded systems, schedulability in real-time task scheduling is challenged by non-negligible reconfiguration overheads. Reconfiguration of the system during task execution affects both deadline miss rate and deadline miss distribution. On the other hand, Quality of Service (QoS) in several embedded applications is not only determined by deadline...
FlexRay has emerged as the de-facto next generation in-vehicle communication protocol. Messages are scheduled incrementally on FlexRay according to the automotive design paradigm where new applications are added iteratively. On this account, the schedules must be (i) sustainable, i.e., when messages are added in later iterations, they must preserve deadline guarantees of existing messages and (ii)...
The design process for automotive electronics is an iterative process, where new components and distributed applications are added over several design cycles incrementally. Hence, at each design iteration an existing communication schedule is extended by new messages that have to be scheduled appropriately. In this paper, the goal has been to synthesize schedules under real-time constraints for the...
The Industrial Ethernet is promising for the implementation of a Cloud Computing based control system. However, numerous standard organizations and vendors have developed various Industrial Ethernets to satisfy the real-time requirements of field devices. This paper presents a real-time reconfigurable protocol stack to cope with this challenge, by introducing the architecture with a core of dynamic...
This paper presents a new schedulability analysis for hierarchically scheduled real-time systems executing on a single processor using SIRAP, a synchronization protocol for inter subsystem task synchronization. We show that it is possible to bound the number of self-blocking occurrences that should be taken into consideration in the schedulability analysis of subsystems. Correspondingly, we present...
Voice over IP is an effective technology to reduce communication fee between people by means of the Internet. However, the quality of communication in the Internet is still a major challenge to real-time voice communication, such as excessive delay, packet loss, and high delay jitter, all these impair the communication quality. In order to improve the quality of communication between Voice Communication,...
In this paper, we perform the schedulability analysis and schedule computation for sporadic real-time messages in the dynamic segment of the FlexRay protocol. We first formulate a linear integer programming problem that allows to determine if a given message schedule is feasible, i.e., the worst-case delay of each message is smaller than its deadline. Then, we develop a heuristic algorithm that enables...
CBTC (Communication Based Train Control) will be based on mobile communication, which the key problem is how to support reliability of control data transmission to improve track utilization and enhance train safety. This paper proposed a kind of real-time transmission model for high speed train end-to-end control data operation, which based on circuit switched data service by traditional wireless...
Hierarchical scheduling frameworks (HSFs) provide means for composing complex real-time systems from well-defined, independently analyzed subsystems. To support resource sharing within two-level HSFs, three synchronization protocols based on the stack resource policy (SRP) have recently been presented, i.e. HSRP, SIRAP and BROE. This paper describes the first implementation presenting these three...
Ethernet is becoming a common network technology for industrial and factory automation systems and, in recent years, a big effort has been made in enabling real-time communications using Ethernet technology. Many of these systems are complex, extend over relatively large places and/or integrate a significant number of nodes, thus requiring the use of multiple switches (hop). In this paper we look...
Ethernet switches are typically found in many large-scale distributed real-time systems providing low-end transactions as well as bulk backbone routing to real-time applications. The FTT-SE protocol (Flexible Time-Triggered communication over Switched Ethernet) is a recent proposal to bypass the limitations of conventional switches in terms of real-time behavior while catering for growing requirements...
Multi-core platforms seem to be the way towards increasing performance of processors. As the multi-cores are becoming the defacto processors, the need for new scheduling and resource sharing protocols has arisen. However, taking such technology to an industrial setting, it needs to be evaluated such that appropriate scheduling, synchronization and partitioning algorithms are selected. In this paper...
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