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The Trustful Space-Time Protocol (TSTP) allows for time synchronization to be performed upon receiving any message from another node in a sensor network, removing the need for explicit synchronization messages. Previous work has shown that TSTP performs well under controlled experimental environments. In this work, we analyze how the quality of synchronization in TSTP is affected when nodes are communicating...
The clock synchronization technologies applied to controlling layer and primary equipment like intelligent switchgear of processing layer in intelligent substation are analyzed in this paper. IEEE1588 message timing mode, which can be accurate to nanosecond, is used as the mode of substation system, in order to fulfill the real-time and accuracy requirements of intelligent switchgears and remote control...
Advanced Driver Assistance System is a growing trend in automotive industry that integrates multiple discreet components to create system level solution. A typical ADAS system in an automobile has single or multiple radar chips to transmit and receive electromagnetic waves and a microcontroller to process received data that is used for assisting driver in decision making. Radar chip and microcontroller...
Synchronization has become a main concern in communication and control systems during the last years. Although there are several standard mechanisms to accomplish timing requirements, development and improvement of high synchronization technologies is required to obtain better performance and quality of service. In this context, the enhanced version of IEEE 1588v2 synchronization protocol, known as...
Distributed cyber-physical systems cover a wide range of applications such as automotive, avionic or industrial automation. These applications require a global notion of time to fullfill their timing requirements. Multi-processor system on chips (MPSOCs) are an attractive implementation option since they offer several benefits such as parallelism and power efficiency. However, MPSOCs have a Globally...
This paper proposes an event detection module for distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks on Internet of Things (IoT). Different from existing detection modules using knowledge-based filtering, the proposed module focuses on the system behavior under DDoS attacks and detects it utilizing information obtained from NTP used in synchronization service. We conducted demonstration experiments with...
This paper presents a family of FIFOs for clock-domain crossings. These designs are distinguished by an interleaved architecture for the control and data-paths. This approach eliminates most of the throughput bottlenecks in the FIFO design, allowing operation at well over 1GHz in a 65nm process using a standard ASIC design flow. Furthermore, these designs are low-latency: the fall-through time for...
Correctly maintained synchronization between devices is very important in deterministic networks like TTEthernet where is used AS6802 standard for this purposes. In this paper is depicted how to calculate number of integration cycles per cluster period depending on accuracy of clocks implemented in network devices. Influence of the number of integration cycles to bandwidth utilization is analyzed...
The synchronization accuracy of the nodes of a wireless sensor network (WSN) can be perturbed by the plug-in of nonsynchronized nodes (NSNs). In the case of peer-to-peer synchronization algorithms, the reference time of the WSN is established on the basis of the clock time of all nodes. Therefore, each NSN changes the reference time to synchronize all nodes with the new reference time interval needs...
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things projects work towards adoption of standard IT technologies for real-time control networks in industrial automation. For this the IEEE 802.1 Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) Task Group has developed and continues to develop a set of standards. One of these standards is the IEEE 802.1AS clock synchronization protocol. IEEE 802.1AS can be used to enable time-triggered...
Industrial communication is on its way from field-bus to Ethernet. In an industry 4.0 scenario various applications and branches in automated manufacturing, process industry and intra logistics are affected. Here, Ethernet communication will not be limited to the communication between controllers and devices such as programmable logic controllers (PLC) and sensors and actors, but will also be applied...
Clock synchronization is one of the most essential assets for distributed real-time systems, as sensing, control and actuation require synchronized communication to meet real-time deadlines. We propose a distributed monitoring method to detect if an adversary is interfering with the clock synchronization protocol. The monitor uses certain network indicators and a set of rules to decide about switching...
Clock synchronization is an important issue in wired and wireless networks as a common time basis is essential for coordinated activities of nodes in distributed systems. Typical applications demanding precise synchronization are Industrial Internet scenarios having real-time constraints, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) where the nodes communicate only for a short period and can sleep the remaining...
Modern power systems rely on precise and accurate time signals for efficient operation. Time-based measurement of power system signals is now possible with high-speed signal sampling combined with precise time sources. This paper describes advances in time sources, protocols, and distribution methods supported by modern substation clocks. It also describes how each of these time sources and protocols...
In Industry 4.0 nodes are becoming interconnected and part of the growing Industrial Internet of Things. The use of a reduced physical layer and emerging real-time Ethernet standards, enables such nodes to be implemented cost-efficiently. Technologies and standards, which focus on cost-efficient Ethernet technologies for the use in vehicles, are quite promising for industrial applications. The integration...
The main question that this paper addresses is how to identify critical events in the evolution of a social network. The paper uses ideas from psychology about time perception. It is well known that time flows differently in different emotional situations. Equipped with this idea, this paper studies the relationship between two clocks. As opposed to standard synchronization, where everything is done...
With the large deployment of smart and heterogeneous devices, interest of researchers to define new protocols to meet Internet of Things (IoT) requirements is growing. A particular interest was accorded to define a robust MAC layer for wireless sensor networks, in order to reduce interference caused by other co-located networks and applications using the ISM band. This paper gives a comprehensive...
The key player in the multi-clock domain system is the synchronizer. This synchronizer suffers from the effect of metastability and results in the failure of the circuit. Prevention of the synchronizer from the metastability is feasible. Metastable state occurs whenever there is a violation of setup and hold time i.e., uncontrolled and unpredictable change in data within setup and hold time window...
The clock frequency tolerance and instability have a big impact on positioning accuracy and precision in UWB localization systems. The paper deals with synchronization and TDOA error reduction technique relying on reference packets transmission. The method was implemented in the UWB positioning system. The paper contains description of the method, system architecture and results of performed measurements.
This paper proposes a method for two orders reduction of a time interval formation error for autonomous complexes and navigation, location and communication systems.
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