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This paper present the developments of a low-cost Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) for smart grid monitoring. This PMU is being developed for large-scale use in the distribution system allowing to monitor local and transmission level events. The device provides magnitude, angle and frequency data of the AC voltage in a synchronized way, between any point in the electrical system, even geographically...
This paper presents a preliminary implementation of a Labscale Synchrophasor model, where one SEL-2402 (Satellite Synchronized Clock) and SEL-451 relay is installed and properly configured. The synchrophasor data is metered in realtime and displayed graphically. For the purpose of analysis and developing the backend applications, the Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) data is archived using openPDC. An...
Deregulation, competitive electricity market, aging transmission lines, lack of transmission expansion, environmental constraints and increased applications of power electronics make the power system more complex and forcing power system to operate closer to their limits and to utilize the existing assets more efficiently. To operate under these constraints and still maintain high reliability is a...
The IEEE PSRC System Protection Subcommittee Working Group C14 has produced a report that describes practical applications of synchrophasors in protection applications. The report begins with the history of synchrophasors and then goes into issues to consider in their application. Some existing applications are described and then future applications that have been considered or are in development...
This paper describes a high accuracy laboratory PMU calibrator that is presently being developed at METAS. This reference grade calibrator enables traceable measurements of the dynamic performances of PMUs as outlined in the upcoming version of the standard IEEE C37.118 as well as the testing of the impact of power quality disturbances on PMU measurements. The calibrator is being developed in conjunction...
The paper describes the concept of synchrophasors and the introduction of synchrophasors for protection applications in IEEE PC37.118.1 and then discusses different substation and transmission line protection applications. Requirements for reporting rate, time synchronization and communications architecture are discussed. Testing of protection systems based on PMUs is described at the end of the paper.
Testing of Phasor Measurement Units (PMU devices) is necessary for any PMU application, be it a simple visualization and archiving system or a more complex set of real-time system operations tools. PMUs are available from virtually every manufacturer of protection and monitoring equipment. They are often implemented as embedded functions within relays or disturbance recorders. This paper describes...
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