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Future tactical communications involves high data rate best effort traffic working alongside real-time traffic for time-critical applications with hard deadlines. Unavailable bandwidth and/or untimely responses may lead to undesired or even catastrophic outcomes. Ethernet-based communication systems are one of the major tactical network standards due to the higher bandwidth, better utilization, and...
This paper proposes an event detection module for distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks on Internet of Things (IoT). Different from existing detection modules using knowledge-based filtering, the proposed module focuses on the system behavior under DDoS attacks and detects it utilizing information obtained from NTP used in synchronization service. We conducted demonstration experiments with...
ITER control system model (ICM) is a currently developed simulation platform for control, data access, and communication (CODAC), which is a central control system responsible for integrating and controlling all plant systems of ITER. ICM is a large-scale implementation of CODAC that follows hardware and software standards but does not have any interfaces to other physical components of ITER. ICM...
Correctly maintained synchronization between devices is very important in deterministic networks like TTEthernet where is used AS6802 standard for this purposes. In this paper is depicted how to calculate number of integration cycles per cluster period depending on accuracy of clocks implemented in network devices. Influence of the number of integration cycles to bandwidth utilization is analyzed...
Industrial communication is on its way from field-bus to Ethernet. In an industry 4.0 scenario various applications and branches in automated manufacturing, process industry and intra logistics are affected. Here, Ethernet communication will not be limited to the communication between controllers and devices such as programmable logic controllers (PLC) and sensors and actors, but will also be applied...
Clock synchronization is one of the most essential assets for distributed real-time systems, as sensing, control and actuation require synchronized communication to meet real-time deadlines. We propose a distributed monitoring method to detect if an adversary is interfering with the clock synchronization protocol. The monitor uses certain network indicators and a set of rules to decide about switching...
In Industry 4.0 nodes are becoming interconnected and part of the growing Industrial Internet of Things. The use of a reduced physical layer and emerging real-time Ethernet standards, enables such nodes to be implemented cost-efficiently. Technologies and standards, which focus on cost-efficient Ethernet technologies for the use in vehicles, are quite promising for industrial applications. The integration...
Current IoT protocols, like the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP), do not yet provide real-time behavior for the inter-device communication. In this paper, we propose a real-time extension for the CoAP standard that defines interfaces for the time synchronization among nodes and the time slot management. These interfaces enable a controlled exclusive network access based on a Time Division Multiple...
The requirements, functionality, and consequently also the complexity of software used in the automotive industry has continuously been increasing over the last decades. To cope with this development, main car manufacturing companies and automotive suppliers established the AUTOSAR partnership back in 2003. Its main objective is to reduce development costs and to enhance cooperation between different...
This paper presents a preliminary implementation of a Labscale Synchrophasor model, where one SEL-2402 (Satellite Synchronized Clock) and SEL-451 relay is installed and properly configured. The synchrophasor data is metered in realtime and displayed graphically. For the purpose of analysis and developing the backend applications, the Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) data is archived using openPDC. An...
In this paper, a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) solution for the industrial communication system utilized in the factory automation (FA) environment is addressed. In the FA field, the communication mechanism which is intended to the short frame transmissions under real-time, safety and fair distribution between the industrial robots (iRBs) is now being investigated. We offer two proposals to achieve...
The field bus systems have been applied to the industrial automation. PROFINET is an optimized industrial network standard. It provides the service definition and protocols for real-time communication based on Ethernet. The basic characteristics and protocol analysis are presented in this paper. This paper depicts a topology model using Wire shark and Siemens PLC to capture PROFINET IO communication...
This work investigates the composition of interdependent software components on a shared platform from a timing perspective. Because we consider software components for vehicular systems, which are often sensitive to timing, the individual components and the composed system require timing analysis. In order to support independent development of components, the real-time systems community proposed...
Real-time Ethernet variants are expected to build the future communication infrastructure in cars. First camera based driver assistance functions will communicate using IEEE 802.1 AVBs credit-based shaping. But for the strict timing requirements of automotive control-traffic, AVBs current timing guarantees are insufficient. The upcoming IEEE 802.1Qbv standard proposes synchronous time-triggered traffic...
Current fusion devices consist of multiple diagnostics and hundreds or even thousands of signals. This situation forces on multiple occasions to use distributed data acquisition systems as the best approach. In this type of distributed systems, one of the most important issues is the synchronization between signals, so that it is possible to have a temporal correlation as accurate as possible between...
In-car networks based on Ethernet are expected to be the first choice for future applications in the domain of info-and entertainment. However, the full benefit of a technologically integrated in-car network will only become rewarding with an Ethernet-based backbone, unifying several automotive domains in a single infrastructure. Today, there is remarkable interest in the IEEE 802.1 Audio/Video Bridging...
Industrial Ethernet is gradually becoming pervasive in the automation field. EtherCAT is one such technology, combining high real-time performance with a rich functionality set. Besides that, EtherCAT offers short cycle times, accurate time synchronization, redundancy and high data throughput. Most EtherCAT applications are in the 500–1000μs domain. There are only few EtherCAT master implementations...
As software development becomes an increasingly collaborative effort, traditional development tools have to be extended to support seamless collaboration while minimizing the chances of conflicts. This paper describes Cloud Studio, a collaboration framework that integrates a fine-grained software configuration management model and a real-time awareness system. Cloud Studio's configuration management...
A Vehicle Travelling Data Recorder (VTDR) based on the newest Chinese standard (GB/T 19056-2012) is designed and implemented. The VTDR can collect, store and query the data in real time, write the stored data to the U disk, and display the related information on the screen. The practical tests show that it fully complies with the newest Chinese standard, including collecting data in real-time and...
An optical real-time single-polarization OFDM transmitter encodes 85.4 Gbit/s onto 122 electrical subcarriers using 25 % cyclic prefix. A continuous synchronization process without using a preamble allows reception after 400 km SSMF.
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