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In this paper we study the problem of predicting which genes are likely to have a role in tumor-suppression in lung and colorectal cancer. Mutation frequencies alone cannot serve to differentiate between 'drivers' (mutations that cause cancer) and 'passengers' (mutations that are caused by cancer) some other features must be added. Our hypothesis is that the developmental stage gene expression profile...
Microwave-based techniques for breast tumour detection rely on the inherent electrical difference between malign and healthy tissue in the microwave range. Microwave-radar and microwave-induced thermoacoustic methods both struggle when the dielectric contrast between the tumorous and background tissues is relatively small. In this work, we propose a detection technique that uses a hypothesis testing...
This article explores the feasibility of utilizing Optical/Acoustic Radiation Imaging (OARI) to gain information about the mechanical and optical properties of the urinary bladder for monitoring and detecting changes due to the onset or progression of cancer. OARI was demonstrated on tissue-mimicking bladder wall phantoms. Imaging was performed using Optical Coherence Tomography. Tissue displacements...
Breast Microwave Radar (BMR) is a novel non ionizing imaging modality capable of producing high contrast images and detecting tumors of at least 4mm. Although recent studies have shown its potential as a complimentary breast imaging technique, several aspects of this technology need to be optimized before it can be used in clinical scenarios. In this paper, the spatial sampling effects on monostatic...
In the diagnosis of preinvasive breast cancer, some of the intraductal proliferations pose a special challenge. The continuum of intraductal breast lesions includes the usual ductal hyperplasia (UDH), atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). The current standard of care is to perform percutaneous needle biopsies for diagnosis of palpable and image-detected breast abnormalities...
Simulation experiment of breast cancer detection has been performed using an ultrashort-pulse radar (USPR) system. Breast models for the experiment are made by cooking-oil. We measure reflection data to reconstruct images of the breast models with dielectrics alien objects and discuss the image reconstruction in different frequency bands.
Microwave tomography is currently being researched for breast cancer detection. Our research has shown that clinical imaging preferably has to be made in a full 3D setting. In this paper we show results in order to evaluate the performance of a clinical system under construction.
In pathology, phyllodes and fibroadenoma of breast are two well-known tumors with differential malignant potentialities and aetio-pathology. But diagnostic ambiguity prevails, particularly in the condition of stromal hyper-cellularity. To address such classification problem, current study evaluated fresh breast tumor biopsies in respect to expression of some candidate genes by immunohistochemistry...
Ultra-wideband (UWB) microwave imaging is a promising technique for detecting early stage breast cancer, which exploits the significant contrast in dielectric properties between normal and malignant breast tissues. In this paper, we have proposed a new modified compensation method and beamforming technique for microwave imaging. We used a three dimensional (3-D) Finite Integration Technique (FIT)...
This paper presents a new approach for breast cancer detection based on Hierarchical Fuzzy Neural Network (HFNN). Generally in formal fuzzy neural networks (FNN), increasing the number of inputs, causes exponential growth in the number of parameters of the FNN system. This phenomenon named as "curse of dimensionality". An approach to deal with this problem is to use the hierarchical fuzzy...
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in many countries all over the world. Early detection of cancer, in either diagnosis or screening programs, decreases the mortality rates. Computer Aided Detection (CAD) is software that aids radiologists in detecting abnormalities in medical images. In this article we present our approach in detecting abnormalities in mammograms using digital mammography. Each...
Nuclear Breast Imaging with specifically designed gamma cameras can improve breast cancer detection. One benefit of semiconductor-based imaging systems is their superior energy resolution (ER) compared to scintillator cameras, which results in better scatter rejection. In this work we conducted simulations to compare the imaging performance of High-Purity Germanium (HPGe) and Cadmium Zinc Telluride...
An early detection of small breast lesions by mammography screening may facilitate the cancer treatment by minimally or noninvasive techniques. Recently, new therapies than traditional surgery have been explored to satisfy these demands. Additionally ablative treatments have started to become viable alternative methods to treat patients who cannot be treated by surgery. Microwave energy is promising...
The key to surgical planning for breast conservation is tumor localization. An accurate localization of the breast tumor is essential to guide the surgeon to the lesion, and ensure its correct and adequate removal with satisfactory excision margins. Current breast tumor localization techniques are invasive and often result in a cosmetic disfigurement. In this paper, we use the ultrawide band radar-based...
In this paper, the observation of scattered fields due to dipole and circular-loop antennas for illuminating the breast are investigated. The Transverse Magnetic (TM) and Transverse Electric (TE) components of scattered fields are examined for a numerical breast phantom over the frequency range of 3-7 GHz for both circular-loop and dipole antennas. Results obtain through simulations demonstrate the...
Radar based microwave imaging technique has great potential for breast cancer detection. It has been demonstrated by recent experiments that the data adaptive radar microwave imaging reveals good image resolution. However, purely scattered energy based image reconstruction methods can face major challenges in differentiation since the fibroconnective and glandular tissues which could have similar...
The classification of breast masses into benign and malignant categories plays an important role in the area of computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) of breast cancer. In this paper, one novel scheme based on multi-view information fusion is proposed, in order to improve the accuracy and the robustness of the classification and reduce the false positive rates. Five contour and shape features of the masses...
This work aims at selecting useful features in critical angles and distances by Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM). In this project, images were labeled based on physician opinion in two groups (malignant or benign). These labeled images were used in classification analysis. Images were opened and read in Matlab software. The tumors were cropped in rectangular shape manually; then graycomatrix...
The losses and random heterogeneity of breast tissue will introduce shift of focal point of flat LHM lens in tissue. Therefore it is highly desired that the sources behind the LHM lenses are set at their right positions. In this paper, the influence of source offset on breast tumor hyperthermia with Γ-shaped LHM lens applicator is investigated by using finite-difference time-domain simulation. It...
A three dimensional (3D) breast model, which contained four different media: skin, fat, tumor, and deionized water (as cooling medium around the breast), was build for finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) computations in this study. The computations of electromagnetic fields and temperature distributions were used FDTD method and finite-difference approximation respectively. The Pennes bioheat equation...
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