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Cervical cancer is a disease that affects 266,000 deaths worldwide and is the fourth highest incidence of cancer in women. This cancer can be diagnosed through a Pap smear, where a cytopathologist observes a microscopic image of the cervix cells to determine whether the patient is normal or abnormal. The sensitivity and specificity of the Pap smear is known to be respectively 53.4% and 69.2%. Since...
Diagnosis of breast nonmass lesions, most notably ductal carcinoma in situ, is challenging. Recent studies show that dynamic contrast enhanced MRI achieves high sensitivity in diagnosis of nonmass lesions. Unlike successfully applied to diagnose mass lesions, particularly kinetic features are reported to be less effective in discriminating nonmass lesions. It is even difficult for human observers...
Sonography is commonly used as an adjunct to mammography for early detection of breast cancer. We are developing methods to classify solid breast masses in sonograms as malignant or benign. The goal of this study was to combine two independent probabilistic classifiers to improve computer-aided diagnosis of breast masses. Naïve Bayes and logistic regression were used for supervised classification...
Tissues have different electrical conductivity and metabolic energy consumption values depending on their state of health and species. Since metabolic heat generation values show differences from tissue to tissue, thermal imaging has started to play an important role in medical diagnoses. Temperature differences of healthy and cancerous tissue may be changed by means of frequency dependent current...
A microwave imaging system prototype has been developed for early breast cancer detection. The system is based on impulse Ultra-Wideband (UWB) radar technology. A novel, practical calibration method has been applied in our system to remove the large received signals due to both skin backscattering and Tx/Rx antenna coupling, and to underline the reflection/scattering from object of interest. This...
Microwave tomography is currently being researched for breast cancer detection. Our research has shown that clinical imaging preferably has to be made in a full 3D setting. In this paper we show results in order to evaluate the performance of a clinical system under construction.
The concept of an Ultra Wideband (UWB) Monopulse Microwave Radar System for detection and location of breast cancer is described. The system uses a two-element Tapered Slot Antenna (TSA) array accompanied by a UWB 180° hybrid which scans the breast. When the breast tissue features symmetry with respect to the array axis and the hybrid enables the 180° out phase feeding operation, the array automatically...
Ultra-wideband (UWB) microwave imaging is a promising technique for detecting early stage breast cancer, which exploits the significant contrast in dielectric properties between normal and malignant breast tissues. In this paper, we have proposed a new modified compensation method and beamforming technique for microwave imaging. We used a three dimensional (3-D) Finite Integration Technique (FIT)...
Breast thermography is a painless, non-invasive and non-ionizing medical imaging technique useful for early breast screening. Study shows that abnormal breast thermal image initiates the requirement for detailed diagnosis to probe the presence of cancerous cells. Hence identification of the subject's breast thermal image as normal or a case for follow-up is a necessity for diagnosis. Breast thermal...
The development of computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) for breast magnetic resonance (MR) images has encountered some big challenges. One of these challenges is related to breast lesion segmentation. Accurate segmentation of breast lesions has a vital role in other consequent applications such as feature extraction. Since malignant breast lesions typically appear with irregular borders and shapes in MR...
In this paper, the observation of scattered fields due to dipole and circular-loop antennas for illuminating the breast are investigated. The Transverse Magnetic (TM) and Transverse Electric (TE) components of scattered fields are examined for a numerical breast phantom over the frequency range of 3-7 GHz for both circular-loop and dipole antennas. Results obtain through simulations demonstrate the...
The contrast between the electrical properties of the components of a dielectric body enables its imaging using microwave measurements. In a typical active imaging scenario, microwave power is radiated via an antenna and the scattered power is picked by one or more antennas. The scattered signals are then analyzed to detect and identify significant scatterers (targets).
Radar based microwave imaging technique has great potential for breast cancer detection. It has been demonstrated by recent experiments that the data adaptive radar microwave imaging reveals good image resolution. However, purely scattered energy based image reconstruction methods can face major challenges in differentiation since the fibroconnective and glandular tissues which could have similar...
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. The deviation from the normal architectural symmetry of the left and right breasts can indicate the abnormalities in early stage of breast cancer development. This paper presents a computer-aided detection algorithm for bilateral asymmetry in mammograms. First, the left and right mammograms are aligned by a novel non-rigid registration method which...
Accurately Extracting the breast region from a mammogram is one of the most important keys for breast mass analysis. This paper uses the median filtering, morphological erosion processing, Sobel edge detector, and thresholding to find a original breast boundary, then uses the gradient vector flow snake (GVF-Snake) with gradient map adjustment to get the accurate breast boundary. The presented algorithm...
The first and one of the most important preprocessing steps of the mammogram analysis is segmentation of the breast region. Accurate detection of breast tissue-air line allows focusing on ROI in cancer investigation, by detecting architectural distortion at the border, determination of the retraction location at the cancerous region under skin and, reducing the storage needs in PACS. The structural...
The detection of microcalcifications, reconstruction of clusters of microcalcifications and their subsequent classification into malignant and benign are important tasks in the early detection of breast cancer. Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) provides new opportunities in such tasks. By utilizing the multiple projections in DBT and using the geometry of DBT, we have developed an approach to them...
The notion of applying microwave imaging to breast cancer imaging has been studied at various levels by numerous scientists. The earliest appeal of this concept related to the presumably high property contrast between benign and malignant tissue that was unique to the breast. Subsequent published studies have shown that this assumption was overly simplistic and that the tissue property heterogeneity...
In this paper, a fast analysis, based on analytic solutions, of microwave-tissue interaction in the context of breast tumor detection based on the reflected microwave signals, has been performed.
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