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Cancer is defined as a genetic and epigenetic disease involving the chemical and structural alteration of DNA. Because optical techniques measure overlapped and synthetic signals of materials, regardless of “ordering” features (such as the nucleotide order of a DNA sequence), it is difficult to sequence a genome to detect cancerous genetic changes using optical techniques. For this reason, previous...
An adaptive fuzzy c-means (AFCM) clustering based algorithm was developed and applied to the segmentation and classification of multi-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (M-FISH) images, which can be used to detect chromosomal abnormalities for cancer and genetic disease diagnosis. The algorithm improves the classical fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering algorithm by introducing a gain field, which...
Location proteomics is concerned with the systematic analysis of the subcellular location of proteins. In order to perform comprehensive analysis of all protein location patterns, automated methods are needed. With the goal of extending automated subcellular location pattern analysis methods to high resolution images of tissues, 3D confocal microscope images of polarized CaCo2 cells immunostained...
We introduce a new model-based approach for automatic quantification of colocalizations in multichannel 3D microscopy images. The approach uses different 3D parametric intensity models in conjunction with a model fitting scheme to localize and quantify subcellular structures with high accuracy. The central idea is to determine colocalizations between different channels based on the estimated geometry...
We demonstrate the utility of the opto-fluidic ring resonator (OFRR) sensor for analyzing methylated oligonucleotides. Cytosine methylation, a regular epigenetic function in cellular growth and metabolism, may have ties to abnormal suppression of key genes involved with cellular proliferation. Such behavior is suspected to be strongly related to the occurrence of several types of cancers. The OFRR...
Disease diagnosis at an early stage requires the availability of inexpensive platforms which can accurately and rapidly analyze a wide panel of biomarkers, genomic biomarkers in particular. Genetic biomarkers are typically detected through recognition of DNA hybridization events, which is typically performed using DNA microarrays, requiring overnight incubation times, and bulky and costly optical...
Gene expression is the fundamental control of the structure and functions of the cellular versatility and adaptability of any organisms. The measurement of gene expressions is performed on images generated by optical inspection of microarray devices which allow the simultaneous analysis of thousands of genes. The images produced by these devices are used to calculate the expression levels of mRNA...
This paper reports the design of an innovative CMOS active pixel sensor (CAPS) using Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) technology. The CAPS designs approach provides the flexibility and high density features of hybrid pixel sensors with photon integration architecture. This sensor is the key component for the optimized biomarker scanner. A proof-of-principle test chip, paying particular attention to the...
Automated analysis of live cells over extended time periods requires both novel assays and automated image analysis algorithms. Among other applications, this is necessary for studying the effect of inhibitor compounds that are designed to block the replication of cancerous cells. Due to their toxicity, fluorescent dyes that bind to the nuclear DNA cannot be used to mark nuclei, and traditional non-toxic...
M-FISH (multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization) is a recently developed cytogenetic technique for cancer diagnosis and research on genetic disorders which uses 5 fluors to label uniquely each chromosome and a fluorescent DNA stain. In this paper, an automated method for chromosome classification in M-FISH images is presented. The chromosome image is initially decomposed into a set of primitive...
M-FISH (multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization) is a recently developed cytogenetic technique for cancer diagnosis and research on genetic disorders which uses 5 fluors to label uniquely each chromosome and a fluorescent DNA stain. In this paper, an automated method for chromosome classification in M-FISH images is presented. The chromosome image is initially decomposed into a set of primitive...
Terahertz (THz) imaging is in its early stages of development but already the potential clinical impact of this new imaging modality is clear. From cancer research to DNA analysis THz technology is improving or even making possible imaging of hitherto inaccessible phenomena. In this paper we present a short review of THz imaging from the point of view of biomedical engineering. We discuss the current...
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