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Stomata are breathing pores on leaves that balance photosynthetic carbon dioxide uptake and water vapor loss. Stomatal morphology and complexity are rather diverse when considering stomatal subsidiary cells (SCs). Subsidiary cells are adjacent to the central guard cells (GCs) and are morphologically distinct from other epidermal cells. Yet, how various SCs develop and whether and how they support...
Despite extensive studies on the morphology of holometabolous insects and their larvae, the morphological transformations of internal structures during metamorphosis have been rarely documented. Here, we used micro‐computed tomography to investigate the developmental transformations of thoracic structures in the green lacewing Chrysopa pallens (Rambur, 1838) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), with emphasis...
Osteoderms are mineralised structures consisting mainly of calcium phosphate and collagen. They form directly within the skin, with or without physical contact with the skeleton. Osteoderms, in some form, may be primitive for tetrapods as a whole, and are found in representatives of most major living lineages including turtles, crocodilians, lizards, armadillos, and some frogs, as well as extinct...