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Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs) differ from the traditional Mobile Ad Hoc networks (MANETs) in that DTNs are not always interconnected. The issue of routing data in a DTN is considered here. Many routing protocols exist for DTNs. Some are based on comparing nodes to each other, whereas others focus on the internal properties of the messages they hold. There are wide ranges of protocols, and they perform...
The Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs), as an important part of intelligent transportation systems (ITS), has been becoming a promising research area. Due to the high mobility of vehicles and intermittent connected topology resulting in the dramatically changing network topology, it is difficult to design a protocol including congestion control mechanism, which is helpful for a well network performance...
The principle of attacking methods against the MAC layer of underwater acoustic network is first introduced briefly. Underwater acoustic channel characteristics are modeled corresponding Propagation Delay, Received Power and Background Noise by using OPNET pipeline stage. MAC Layer and Network Layer modules of network node are implemented. The results of a single node attack and two nodes distributed...
Vehicular communication systems have significant benefits. Their adoption and use in motor vehicles can help prevent road traffic accidents, increase route efficiency and fuel economy, and positively impact the user experience. As autonomous vehicles and inter-vehicular communication systems are becoming increasingly commonplace, the need for robust and secure wireless communication between vehicles...
Vehicular Delay Tolerant Networks (VDTNs) routing protocols is a hot research topic in the global context of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). To cope with the intermittent connectivity of vehicular communications, numerous protocols based on Store Carry and Forward (SCF) paradigm were designed, ranging from an adaptation of generic Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs) to those specifically dedicated...
Because of the feature of hybrid wireless mesh network, hybrid routing protocol is the most proper routing protocol for this kind of network. Hybrid routing protocol is composed of proactive routing protocol and reactive routing protocol. The proactive one is adaptive for static mesh routers, and the reactive one is suitable for mobile mesh clients. Existing hybrid routing protocols all neglect the...
Many common DTN routing protocols are replication-based, which have relatively good performance in terms of message delivery ratio but high overhead, and leave the issue of garbage collection open. In this paper, we propose Named Data Distance Routing (NDDR), a named data based DTN routing approach which makes routing decisions for named data based on topological distance information. This helps to...
Network simulations are widely used to explore performance of network protocols. It's easier to evaluate network performance in computer model rather than develop “live” experiment. Simulations allow modeling any kind of networking with large amount of interacting devices using only one PC. Moreover one can use network simulations to determine how network will work with different physics e.g. deep...
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) were designed for monitoring environment that is difficult to access. The energy of each node has its limit and cannot be replaced or recharged. All components of WSNs must be an energy efficient component, not only hardware component but also software component. Energy efficient routing protocol can prolong the networks lifetime. Reactive WSNs is addressed in this...
NoC router provides efficient routing operation in the SoC board. It produces more delay to find the priority, which comes from various input channels and more area is consumed in unidirectional router. Also if any path failure occurs, it cannot route the data through other output channel. To address this problem, a novel bidirectional NoC router with and without contention is proposed, which offers...
Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) is a wireless network that connected in an intermittently manner and have dynamic topology. In DTN to design protocol routing is a big challenge due to there is no end-to-end path. To overcome this challenge there is protocol routing dLife. dLife is a protocol routing in DTN that use two utility function to determine forwarding decision, namely TECD (Time-Evolving Contact...
In this paper, we evaluate and compare the performance of single-copy and multiple-copy routing protocols in a realistic Vehicular Delay Tolerant Network (VDTN) scenario. The simulations are conducted with the Opportunistic Network Environment (ONE) simulator. The performance is analyzed using delivery probability, overhead ratio, average latency, average number of hops and average buffer time metrics...
In this paper, we propose a multi-layer multicast routing protocol for multi-hop mobile ad hoc cognitive radio (CR) networks. The proposed protocol employs a probabilistic approach in performing the channel assignment and path selection process based on the concept of minimum spanning tree (MST). Our protocol accounts for the unique features of CR operating environment. Simulations experiments are...
Spatially unbalanced energy consumption among sensors is the most important issue in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). This uneven energy consumption can significantly reduce network lifetime. The use of sink mobility with constrained paths and decreasing the message flood by limiting the flood area can help to improve the energy efficiency in WSNs. Maximum Amount Shortest Path routing (MASP) is an...
Vehicle Ad hoc Network (VANET) is an emerging technology and a new application of mobile Ad Hoc technology in the field of traffic. As the simulation experiments cost less manpower and material resources and they are easy to reproduce the same scenario, VANET simulation technology has become a focus of scholars. But node mobility is strictly limited in the realistic traffic environment and fast moving...
Due to the rapid growth of Software-Defined Networks, we can manage network traffic easier than before. One of the major issues on SDN is the multipath routing protocols due to its complexity of optimum path selection among the multiple routes. In this paper, we focus on Multipath TCP (MPTCP). MPTCP is an extension of TCP that increases the throughput of TCP communication significantly by utilizing...
Delay tolerant network (DTN) routing provides a communication primitive in intermittently disconnected networks, such as battlefield communications and human-contact networks. In these applications, the anonymity preserving mechanism, which hides the identities of communicating parties, plays an important role as a defense against cyber and physical attacks. While anonymous routing protocols for DTNs...
Vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) is a new environment in wireless networks that facilitate communication between auto-mobiles. VANET is the most known approach for the intelligent transportation system (ITS) that has the main aim to improve the road safety and provide passengers comfort. Therefore, many researchers are interested more than usual in this area of wireless and mobile communications in...
Internet protocol version 6 defined in 1995 is a successor of the IPv4 protocol. It is being slowly deployed in Internet and so it becomes basis of all Internet communications. Since this process takes a long time IPv6 and IPv4 networks coexist in Internet and some transition mechanisms are needed to ensure their interconnectivity. Several mechanisms came to life based on tunneling or translation...
In this work, we evaluate the performance ofthree routing protocols epidemic, sprayandwait and maxpropin Vehicular Delay Tolerant Networks (VDTNs). We study theimpact of vehicles density and ttl on the network performance. The simulations are conducted with the Opportunistic NetworkEnvironment (ONE) simulator. The performance is analyzedusing delivery probability, overhead ratio, average latencyand...
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