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One of the major concern of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is to minimize the energy consumption of the sensor nodes. In multi-hop clustering, sensor nodes closer to the Base Station (BS) deplete their energy faster as compared to far away nodes. Transmission of own data as well as other nodes data by the nearer nodes is the prime cause for this uneven energy consumption. Hence, the nodes closer...
Since our research to study mobility, we noted that the best way to represent the mobility of sensor nodes is to follow a mobility model. Numerous models have been proposed in the literature, they are commonly used as a data source in all kinds of studies, including motion in several networks. To this end, we propose to exploit this mobility, which results in the proposal of a new approach based on...
Load balancing and energy conservation techniques are one of the important constraints in the design of in wireless sensor network (WSN). Usually, clustering technique helps the network in the minimum utilization of energy that results in enhancing network lifetime. Moreover, various nodes in the multihop network that are near to the base station drain their battery very quickly thus result in creating...
It has been found that almost all routing protocols can induce network congestion due to control message complexity. To overcome this overhead various optimization processes are used. One such process is gossiping, where each node forwards a message with some probability, to reduce the overhead of the routing protocols. In this paper, we show how gossiping can be used to improve the performance of...
Innovations in technology that have enabled efficient wireless tiny devices propelled the concept of Internet of Things. It is expected that mobile data traffic will experience 8-fold growth between 2015 and 2020 and the number of mobile connected devices will reach 11.6 billion by 2020. Main factors of this exponential growth and wide acceptance are the integration of several technologies and communications...
Aimed at the inapplicability of LEACH protocol for large-scale sensor network and uneven energy consumption, a Distributed Self-organizing Clustering Routing protocol (DSCR) for large-scale sensor network is proposed. Based on clustering, the network routing is divided into two levels: parent cluster and cluster. The cluster structure is formed by the back-off mechanism related to the residual energy...
Recent advances in technology propelled the development of resource constrained tiny devices and the concept of Internet of Things (IoT). Potential applications spanning various fields of science from environmental to medical have been emerged. Different architectures, routing protocols, performance issues and goals have been suggested. In this work, we review fundamental concepts, recent developments...
The field of wireless sensor networks is progressing at a very rapid pace with one of its major application in the area of agriculture. Several research problems have been addressed and solutions have been proposed. Most of these works are based on single crop scenario. Research done in the multiple-cropping scenario, where two or more crops are sown in a single field in the same year, are very few...
Large scale monitoring systems require reliable and efficient routing protocols used to overcome the limitations introduced by battery operated embedded devices, among which, energy consumption is considered the main concern. This topic has gained a lot of interest in the last decade. Due to numerous advantages, clustering is becoming more prevalent as a routing technology in WSN. This paper describes...
With the continuous progress of rural construction, the problem of rural drinking water pollution is increasingly prominent. In view of water pollution, a design of rural drinking water monitoring system based on wireless sensor networks is proposed that nodes take STM32 as the core chip and WLK01L39 as well as its peripheral circuits are used as wireless communication modules and Beidou S1216 is...
In order to solve the existing traditional rural drinking water monitoring in a lot of manpower, material resources, real-time, this paper introduces a WSN based on the rural drinking water source monitoring system design, the system consists of five parts: water quality monitoring, soil monitoring node node, node, routing node and gateway server. Water quality monitoring node, soil monitoring nodes...
Wireless sensor network is composed of many wireless sensor nodes with the same or different functions. A typical sensor node consists of four parts: sensor unit, information processing unit, wireless communication unit and energy supply unit. In this paper, the existing ant colony algorithm is analyzed, and an improved ant colony optimization algorithm is proposed. The paper presents design of routing...
Energy consumption problem is considered an extremely important problem that faces the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). For this reason, a lot of efficient energy protocols have been developed in order to reduce the energy consumption, as well as to prolong the lifetime of the sensor networks. The DMHT-LEACH protocol is one of these protocols. It proposes a dynamic technique for facilitating the data...
In wireless sensor networks, Information-Centric Networks (ICN) are used as the next generation network architecture to perform non-TCP/IP communications. Meanwhile, Disruption/Delay Tolerant Networks (DTN) architecture has solved the problem of unable to communicate caused by frequent interruptions, node mobility or lacking of energy by storing the requested data in nodes' memory. However, the users...
Link quality protocols employ link quality estimators to collect statistics on the wireless link either independently or cooperatively among the sensor nodes. Furthermore, link quality routing protocols for wireless sensor networks may modify an estimator to meet their needs. Link quality estimators are vulnerable against malicious attacks that can exploit them. A malicious node may share false information...
Applying cognitive radio capabilities in wireless sensor networks introduce a new paradigm called Cognitive Radio Sensor Network (CRSN). CRSN enables the sensor nodes as the secondary users to operate on the less crowded frequency bands and access the vacant channels within a frequency band originally licensed to a primary user. In CRSN, the clustering and data routing algorithms used in traditional...
A radial increment WSN routing algorithm(RIRA) is proposed to reduce energy consumption and improve transmission efficiency caused by complex environment and narrow tunnel of deep mine, in which the wired network layout is limited. Multi-hop routing methods between clusters can reduce energy consumption. A weighting formula is constructed to select cluster heads, the greater the weight, the more likely...
A wireless sensor network (WSN) is composed of power-limited devices with constraints of size and condition etc. Due to impossibility to recharge or to replace the batteries of sensors, power control becomes a challenging issue in a WSN. To prolong the network lifetime, clustering is one of viable approaches. Among the clustering approaches, static clustering avoids the energy consumption in periodical...
Wireless sensor network is one of the most important supporting technologies in the Internet of things, this paper studies the low power hierarchical routing protocol in the water environment. Energy is a vital problem in water environment. Wireless sensor network is composed of many wireless sensor nodes, which is a flexible and adaptive network. This paper studies the problem of low power consumption...
Depending on the application requirements, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are composed by static or mobile sensor nodes. The weaknesses of sensors with mobility arise major challenges especially in routing. Routing in WSNs is among the NP-hard optimization problem that requires efficient and robust methods such as metaheuristics. The ant colony optimization (ACO) and the particle swarm optimization...
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