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This paper presents analysis of cogging torque and torque ripple according to unevenly magnetized magnet patterns in permanent magnet synchronous motor. In previous studies it has confirmed that non-uniformly magnetized permanent magnet causes unexpected increase of cogging torque and torque ripple because of slot harmonic components. However, these studies investigated insufficient number of irregular...
In order to reduce the permanent magnet (PM) volume and combine the advantages of in-wheel motor, a novel modular-stator outer-rotor flux-switching permanent-magnet motor (MSOR-FSPM) whose PM volume is half of that in conventional outer-rotor flux-switching permanent-magnet (COR-FSPM) motor is proposed. However, cogging torque and torque ripple of MSOR-FSPM motor are especially worse due to the inherent...
High torque density at low speed is one of the main characteristics of applications such as wind turbines and traction systems. Permanent magnet transverse flux machines exhibit this features owing to their high-energy magnetic flux, which is normal to current and motion vector. The machine's specific geometry magnifies cogging torque that further increases torque ripple, noise, and mechanical vibrations...
The paper presents the results of field calculations of cogging torque of a 12-pole torque motor with an 18-slot stator. A constant angular velocity of the magnet and the same size gap between n-1 magnets were assumed. In these conditions, the effect of change of the nth gap between magnets on the cogging torque was tested. Due to considerable length of the machine the calculations were performed...
The paper includes simulation results of the Hybrid Excited Claw Pole Generator with skewed and non-skewed permanent magnets. The test machine has claw poles on two rotor sections, between which an excitation control coil is placed. The novelty of this machine is existence of non-skewed permanent magnets on claws of one part of the rotor and skewed permanent magnets on the second one. The paper presents...
Torque pulsation in permanent magnet synchronous motor impairs their performance in critical applications, particularly for direct-drive. A practical approach to compensation of selected torque harmonics is presented. The approach consists of two steps: identification of dominant torque harmonics (the cogging harmonics and the flux linkage harmonics) and cuckoo search algorithm to tune the compensation...
Flux reversal permanent magnet (FRPM) machine, with magnets mounted on or inserted into the stator, is favorable for the direct drive applications. In this paper, a novel FRPM machine with Ralbach array magnets in stator slot opening is proposed. While the magnets are moved to the slot opening, effective airgap length is reduced and slot area is enlarged. The analysis results indicates that the torque...
This paper reviews recent trends in the application of flux switching machines (FSMs) in industry, the variation in FSM designs and control strategies to achieve enhanced performance. FSMs offer advantages such as high torque density, high speed capability, ease of control and low vibration and acoustic noise compared with competing technologies. These features enable FSMs to be applied in transportation,...
In this paper, a proposed analytical model is introduced for acceptable optimization of an axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) machines. Nowadays the finite-element model is one of the most powerful tool to analysis the electrical machine. However, sometimes this method can be very time-consuming for further optimization. Therefore, in this paper, a hybrid analytical model based on sub-domain algorithm...
The cogging torque of variable flux reluctance machines (VFRMs) is usually large, which will result in undesired vibrations and acoustic noises. This paper introduces several methods to reduce the cogging torque of VFRMs including asymmetrical rotor teeth, circumferential rotor teeth pairing, rotor teeth shaping and rotor dummy slots. First, the cogging torque of VFRMs are analytically calculated,...
Interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) has stronger reluctance torque and mechanical strength and better dynamic performance, being highly suitable for high-speed operation. Practically, the performance of IPMSM is dramatically influenced by various rotor structures. This paper studies a fractional-slot IPMSM and it is analyzed that how those parameters, such as the number of permanent...
In this paper, a novel stator structure with axially tapered stator tooth tip is proposed to mitigate cogging torque and reduce the machine back EMF harmonics. Furthermore, the stator tooth tips are specifically designed to provide balanced axial electromagnetic force. In order to realize continuous variation of stator tooth tip widths, the soft magnetic composite (SMC) material is used for the stator...
This paper presents the design and analysis of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) with a novel tangentially magnetized rotor for refrigerant compressors in inverter air-conditioners. To reduce cogging torque, torque ripple, and the weight of magnet usage, a new salient pole rotor design is proposed using permanent magnets arranged for tangential magnetization. The results of magnetic...
This paper describes the causes of cogging torque in Permanent Magnet synchronous Motor. Establishes a motor model by ANSOFT software, uses Finite Element Method to quantitative analysis and comparative peak cogging torque and torque with notches at different locations, and different number of auxiliary slot. The conclusion is that notch reasonable can reduce the cogging torque of permanent magnet...
Surface permanent magnet vernier (SPMV) motors are gaining more and more attentions over recent years due to their high torque density. Generally, most researches focuses on their applications in low speed, high torque area, and the study on their high speed operation is rarely seen. In this paper, a SPMV motor with 12 slot, 20 rotor pole is evaluated for traction application. The optimal designed...
In view of the complex and special structure of the yokeless and segmented armature machine (YASA), this paper presents optimal design of a 22kW YASA to increase the torque density and reduce the cogging torque. The initial design dimensions are proposed by sizing equation and the 3D finite- element analysis (FEA). Then, the parameters such as the outer diameter, ratio of inner and outer diameter,...
In this paper, an 18-slot/26-pole fractional slot permanent magnet surface-mounted machine (FSPMSM) with coil-pitch of 2 slot-pitches is firstly proposed. The torque production of this machine is based on both the principle of fractional slot machine and magnetic gearing effect. Its performance is analysed and compared with that of an 18-slot/10-pole FSPMSM. The results show that the 18-slot/26-pole...
In this paper, a new single-phase flux switching axial flux permanent magnet motor (FS AFPM) is presented. It has a double stator and single rotor (DSSR) disc-type structure. The rotor disc is a simple salient pole rotor, and it is sandwiched between the two stator discs. The permanent magnets (PMs) are embedded in the stator discs, which also contain the single-phase windings. To enhance the self-starting...
Although the cogging torque in permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) consists of several frequency components, the skew angle used to minimize cogging torque is generally determined to cancel the fundamental and sub-harmonics of the fundamental components. In a mass production environment, manufacturing variation always cause low order cogging components like slot and/or pole orders on top of...
In this paper, a 5kW novel multistage axial-flux permanent magnet machine (M-AFPM) is analyzed. As a key part of the machine, stator core of silicon steel and SMC are studied by 3D finite element method (FEM) respectively. No-load, full-load, magnetic field distribution, core loss, etc. are calculated. FEM result indicates that SMC-materials have almost equal influence on EMF, magnetic field distribution...
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