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This paper presents an investigation on the comparison between the Maximum Torque Per Ampere (MTPA) and the Field Orientation Control (FOC) algorithms for interior permanent magnet synchronous machines (IPMSMs). In particular, this study was carried out on a small-power IPMSM with low salience ratio. Both control algorithms have been implemented in the Matlab/Simulink environment, obtaining promising...
The design of the first stage of a 59:1 multistage magnetic gearbox for a wind turbine demonstrator is presented. The multistage magnetic gearbox (MSMG) is composed of a two stage magnetic gearbox (MG). The first stage of the MSMG has a gear ratio of 6.45. A spoke type MG rotor typology is used with a unique segmented fully laminated rotor structure. Axially segmented magnets and a unique set of radial...
For the control of electric motors, conventional inverters have utilized position and current sensors, but they undesirable in terms of cost and maintenance effort. For this reason, approaches without the sensors are developed by applying back electromotive force or signal injection-based method which also has some problems related to the the deterioration of control performance in low speed range...
Vernier permanent magnet synchronous machine (VPMSM) is a promising candidate for low speed direct-drive applications. At the design stage of VPMSMs, one of the key issues is the selection of the slot/pole number combination. This paper will show that a proper selection of the slot/pole number combination can be achieved based on an index parameter of VPMSMs: the gear ratio. Firstly, the magnetic...
Referring to a 4-wheel drive Formula Student Electric vehicle, a fractional-slot synchronous permanent magnet machine has been designed. Torque density has been improved adopting outer rotor topology and lightweight materials. An ironless rotor with PMs placed in an Halbach array configuration allows reduced rotor inertia to be obtained. The results described in the paper provide a quantitative assessment...
As a promising candidate in direct drive application, Vernier permanent magnet synchronous machines (VPMSMs) feature high torque density due to magnetic gearing effect. This paper reveals the nature of magnetic gearing effect in VPMSMs in depth. Firstly, the general torque production mechanism of Vernier permanent magnet synchronous machines (VPMSMs) with surface mounted PMs are investigated based...
This paper presents a research regarding a special design for a micro-wind turbine that drives a permanent magnet generator with two rotors that spin in opposite directions and recovering the energy by intermediate of brushes-rings system. The aim of this study is to develop and prove the functionality of a two rotors counter rotating permanent magnet generator by comparative results between the finite...
A hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA) is proposed to optimize the rotor shape of an Interior permanent magnet machine which is used in EV application. The novel method obtain lower iron loss and torque ripple as well as higher average torque and efficiency for the machine. The optimization results of the HGA design is compared with the initial and genetic algorithm designs. It is shown that the performance...
This paper proposes a single fault diagnostic method for regenerative permanent magnet synchronous machine drives with the ability to handle IGBT faults, current sensor faults and mechanical sensor faults. The robustness against false alarms of the proposed technique is improved by using adaptive thresholds and normalized diagnostic variables. The proposed algorithm requires the information given...
A novel 6/13-pole axial field flux-switching permanent magnet (AFFSPM) machine has the advantages of compact structure, large torque density, high efficiency and good fault tolerance. In order to reduce the influence of load mutation and the variation of system parameter on the control system of AFFSPM machine, and to improve the stability of drive system, the control method of AFFSPM machine is researched...
Introducing dummy slots is often applied to reduce cogging torque in permanent magnet synchronous machines. Although this solution always helps for smooth operation, its influence on noise and vibration (NV) performance needs more focused analysis. This paper employs two surface-mounted machines to investigate the effect of dummy slots, one of which is a 10-pole/12-slot machine (M1) with few magnetic-field...
This article gives a comparative analysis of different traction motor types. This analysis allows one to choose an electric motor for a serial-hybrid vehicle. The authors of the article have been made the analysis of publications on this subject. In the article the authors consider four electric motor types: DC machines, AC machines, permanent magnet machines and the switched reluctance motor. The...
Like all industrially manufactured products, interior permanent magnet synchronous machines are subject to deviations due to production tolerances. In particular, deviations in the permanent magnet flux and the air gap thickness cause considerably high torque errors and influence efficiency. Especially for traction drives in hybrid or electric vehicles this is not acceptable. In this paper, the impact...
Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) and asynchronous induction motors (IM) are widely used in the industry for a diverse set of applications. Although the use of induction motors is increasing for industrial applications due to cost inconsistency in rare earth magnets, PMSM motors are still being used because of their compact size, high power density, and greater efficiency. In interior permanent...
Permanent magnet machines including a magnetic gearing effect are attractive for low-speed high-torque applications. This paper proposes a dual-stator axial-flux machine topology with a high ratio for the number of rotor poles to concentrated stator coils. The stator consists of a relatively small number of teeth, with each tooth including multiple smaller/auxiliary teeth. The rotor employs spoke-type...
The design and comparative analysis of three 100 kW motors, a fractional-slot concentrated winding machine (FSCW) surface mounted permanent magnet and two permanent magnet-assisted synchronous reluctance machines (PMa SynRMs), were considered for a Class IV step van electric vehicle application. The electromagnetic, thermal, demagnetization, and acoustic performances of each machine have been presented...
This paper presents a sizing procedure for the preliminary electromagnetic design of three-phase surface mounted permanent magnet machines having either inner or outer rotor structure. Starting from the requested rated data and few design specifications, the proposed approach consists on an iterative sizing procedure based on self-consistent equations. This sizing procedure is intended for those designers...
This paper describes the design and prototyping process of outer rotor permanent magnet generator meant for the use in small scale wind turbines. The initial design of the machine is presented. Main issues and phenomena, affecting the generator design, such as cogging torque and its reduction possibilities, selection and demagnetization risk assessment of permanent magnets, machine losses and thermal...
Capacity of cement new production lines has steadily increased over the last years. Reduction of investment costs is one of the most important driving factors for this trend. Because of simple scalability and low energy consumption, the vertical roller mill is a key part for single mill cement lines. The limits of material throughput of VRMs are, unlike other mill types, not defined by the comminution...
In many direct-drive applications such as servo system, wind power generation, etc., it is desirable to use motors having a high torque density at a low rotation speed without reduction gears for the improvement of noises, reliability and maintenance.
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