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Understanding the metabolic cost of building developing tetrapod brains is critically important to explaining the more than 10‐fold differences in encephalization of adult tetrapods that have emerged during evolution. The exact metabolic costs of developing the variety of tetrapod brains are impossible to determine, but one can compare cerebral artery caliber (internal radius raised to the fourth...
Why do we get the stress-related diseases we do? Why do some people have flare ups of autoimmune disease, whereas others suffer from melancholic depression during a stressful period in their life? In the present review possible explanations will be given by using different levels of analysis.First, we explain in evolutionary terms why different organisms adopt different behavioral strategies to cope...
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