Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: W. Sherman

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A recognition advantage for members of higher‐status racial groups

Deja Simon, Jacqueline M. Chen, Jeffrey W. Sherman, Jimmy Calanchini

British Journal of Psychology > 114 > S1 > 188 - 211

The other‐race effect (ORE) is a recognition memory advantage afforded to one's racial ingroup versus outgroup. The motivational relevance of the ingroup—because of relationships, belonging and self‐esteem—is central to many theoretical explanations for the ORE. However, to date, the motivational relevance of outgroups has received considerably less attention in the ORE literature. Across six experiments,...

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On the use of gender categories and emotion categories in threat‐based person impressions

Heather R. Rees, Jeffrey W. Sherman, Karl Christoph Klauer, Andrew R. Todd

European Journal of Social Psychology > 52 > 4 > 597 - 610

People often form impressions of others in contexts where both relatively static demographic cues (e.g., age, race, gender) and situationally flexible, dynamic cues (e.g., emotion expressions) are available. We examined whether and how attending to gender (male, female) versus emotion expression (neutral, smiling) affects threat‐based person impressions. In three experiments, we heightened the salience...

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Goldilocks and the three “Ts”: Targeting, testing, and tracking for “just right” democratic policing

Lawrence W. Sherman

Criminology & Public Policy > 21 > 1 > 175 - 196

Research Summary Police are often criticized for doing “too much” or “too little” policing in various situations. These criticisms amount to testable hypotheses about whether “less” force, or intensity, or enforcement would have been enough, or whether “more” was needed. The rise of evidence‐based policing provides a starting point for public dialogues about those hypotheses, in ways that could help...

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Shattering the paradox of guns and crime: Incidence, prevalence, and the 2020 Stockholm Prize

Lawrence W. Sherman

Criminology & Public Policy > 19 > 4 > 1355 - 1357

The apparent paradox of guns and crime is that gun homicide rates have been dropping for three decades in the United States while the number of guns in circulation has been rising. Those trends form an apparent paradox because guns are so much more lethal, given an attack, than other weapons, and in general, the more weapons in a state, the higher the rate of death from firearms. As both winners of...

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Testing hot‐spots police patrols against no‐treatment controls: Temporal and spatial deterrence effects in the London Underground experiment

Barak Ariel, Lawrence W. Sherman, Mark Newton

Criminology > 58 > 1 > 101 - 128

Our understanding of causality and effect size in randomized field experiments is challenged by variations in levels of baseline treatment dosage in control groups across experiments testing similar treatments. The clearest design is to compare treated cases with no‐treatment controls in a sample that lacks any prior treatment at baseline. We applied that strategy in a randomized test of hot‐spots...

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Burying the ‘Power Few’: Language and Resistance to Evidence-Based Policing

Lawrence W. Sherman

Cambridge Journal of Evidence-Based Policing > 2019 > 3 > 3-4 > 73-79

Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article ( https://doi.org/10.1007/s41887-019-00038-8 ) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Forecasting Knife Homicide Risk from Prior Knife Assaults in 4835 Local Areas of London, 2016–2018

John Massey, Lawrence W. Sherman, Timothy Coupe

Cambridge Journal of Evidence-Based Policing > 2019 > 3 > 1-2 > 1-20

Research Question How accurately can all recorded locations of 97 knife homicides in one year be forecast across all 4835 Lower Layer Super Output Areas (LSOAs) of London, based only upon all 3506 known locations of nonfatal knife injury assaults in the preceding year? Data All recorded “knife crimes” in the Metropolitan Police Service (MPS) area of London in the financial year 2016–2017 (year 1)...

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Tracking the Use of Exclusion Zone Orders in Denmark: Individual and Place-Based Crime Trends Before and After 161 Individual Orders

Julie Nielsen, Molly Slothower, Lawrence W. Sherman

Cambridge Journal of Evidence-Based Policing > 2018 > 2 > 3-4 > 164-180

Research Question To what extent does citizen-reported crime in 500-meter square areas in Denmark, and arrests of individuals legally excluded from those areas for intimidating behavior, decline in the 3-month time periods in which their Exclusion Zone Orders (EZOs) are in effect, compared to the most recent 3-month period prior to the EZO? Data Individual-level data on 2441 arrests of the 161 offenders...

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Advancing knowledge about replication in criminology

David P. Farrington, Friedrich Lösel, Robert F. Boruch, Denise C. Gottfredson, więcej

Journal of Experimental Criminology > 2019 > 15 > 3 > 373-396

This article summarizes key points made in a session at the American Society of Criminology meeting in Philadelphia in November 2017, entitled “The replication issue in science and its relevance for criminology”, organized by Friedrich Lösel and Robert F. Boruch. In turn, this session was inspired by Friedrich Lösel’s (2018) article in this journal, based on his 2015 Joan McCord Award Lecture of the...

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Nudge Failures and Crime Indexes: Inside March–July 2018

Lawrence W. Sherman

Cambridge Journal of Evidence-Based Policing > 2018 > 2 > 1-2 > 1-3

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Policing Domestic Violence 1967–2017

Lawrence W. Sherman

Criminology & Public Policy > 17 > 2 > 453 - 465

The U.S. President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice under President Johnson in 1967 called for a program of research that would support evidence‐based tracking, targeting, and testing of policing domestic “disputes.” During the past 50 years, the amount of research on domestic violence has grown. The findings from targeting studies reveal a steep pyramid from many low‐harm...

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This Issue in Brief: Gangs, Hot Cars, Hot Spots, and Diversity Training

Lawrence W. Sherman

Cambridge Journal of Evidence-Based Policing > 2017 > 1 > 4 > 191-194

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Sweet Spots for Hot Spots? A Cost-Effectiveness Comparison of Two Patrol Strategies

Christopher Gibson, Molly Slothower, Lawrence W. Sherman

Cambridge Journal of Evidence-Based Policing > 2017 > 1 > 4 > 225-243

Research Question Can police substantially reduce targeted patrol time without increasing crime and disorder in crime hot spots already receiving high levels of patrol, at high-risk times, to find a more cost-effective ‘sweet spot’ level of patrol staffing for each hot spot? Data Merseyside Police measured police presence every 5 min via GPS location trackers from body-worn police radios for five...

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Tracking Police Responses to “Hot” Vehicle Alerts: Automatic Number Plate Recognition and the Cambridge Crime Harm Index

Baljeet Sidhu, Geoffrey C. Barnes, Lawrence W. Sherman

Cambridge Journal of Evidence-Based Policing > 2017 > 1 > 4 > 211-224

Research Question Are selective decisions to dispatch police cars for interception of vehicles identified by ‘live alerts’ from fixed cameras using an Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) database associated with the highest levels of harm across all live alerts? Data This study examined 70.3 million vehicle registration marks read by Fixed ANPR cameras in the West Midlands Police area in April...

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Hotspots vs. harmspots: Shifting the focus from counts to harm in the criminology of place

Cristobal Weinborn, Barak Ariel, Lawrence W. Sherman, Emma O' Dwyer

Applied Geography > 2017 > 86 > C > 226-244

The prevailing pattern in much of the social sciences, including geography and criminology, relies on count data. “Hotspots” — geospatial areas with disproportionally more crime than the rest of the city — are usually identified by the number of events in these areas. Yet no attention is given to their severity, or any other weighting system of harm, despite the common-sense view that not all crimes...

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Intimate Partner Homicide in England and Wales 2011–2013: Pathways to Prediction from Multi-agency Domestic Homicide Reviews

Eamonn Bridger, Heather Strang, John Parkinson, Lawrence W. Sherman

Cambridge Journal of Evidence-Based Policing > 2017 > 1 > 2-3 > 93-104

Research Question What pathways to more accurate prediction of intimate partner homicide (IPH) can be found by reviewing two years of official Domestic Homicide Reviews in England and Wales? Data This study conducted a detailed review of investigative source material, police database information and the official independent author reviews of the 188 cases of intimate partner homicide recorded in...

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Targeting Escalation of Intimate Partner Violence: Evidence from 52,000 Offenders

Lee Barnham, Geoffrey C. Barnes, Lawrence W. Sherman

Cambridge Journal of Evidence-Based Policing > 2017 > 1 > 2-3 > 116-142

Research Question Does the severity or frequency of intimate partner violence or abuse reported to police increase over time, once a unique perpetrator-victim couple has come into contact with police in Thames Valley, UK? Data A total of 140,998 recent (non-historical) incidents of intimate partner violence or abuse reported to Thames Valley Police in 2010–2015 were identified, with 52,296 unique...

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Predicting Domestic Homicide and Serious Violence in Leicestershire with Intelligence Records of Suicidal Ideation or Self-Harm Warnings: a Retrospective Analysis

Ian M. D. Button, Caroline Angel, Lawrence W. Sherman

Cambridge Journal of Evidence-Based Policing > 2017 > 1 > 2-3 > 105-115

Research Question Does prior information retained in police intelligence records about an offender’s suicidal tendencies help to predict a future domestic homicide or attempted homicide? Data Records on 158,379 arrestees in 1997–2015 were examined for suicidal or self-harm warnings by date of entry and compared to 620 offenders identified in cases of domestic homicides or serious violence over the...

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The “Power Curve” of Victim Harm: Targeting the Distribution of Crime Harm Index Values Across All Victims and Repeat Victims over 1 Year

Gavin Dudfield, Caroline Angel, Lawrence W. Sherman, Sarah Torrence

Cambridge Journal of Evidence-Based Policing > 2017 > 1 > 1 > 38-58

Research Question Is the vast majority of crime harm in one police force area over 1 year suffered by a small percent of all known victims, with many of those most-harmed victims suffering repeated and perhaps preventable crimes if more police resources were to be invested in them? Data All 30,244 crimes recorded as committed against all 25,831 persons with one or more known victimization reported...

artykuł

Editorial Policies

Lawrence W. Sherman

Cambridge Journal of Evidence-Based Policing > 2017 > 1 > 1 > 1-4

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