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Low self-control is at the heart of Gottfredson and Hirschi's (1990) general theory of crime and had been extensively investigated with the Grasmick, Tittle, Bursik, and Arneklev (1993) self-control scale. An advanced analytical tool, confirmatory techniques, had been recently applied to elucidate the underlying theoretical structure of the self-control construct. Most of these studies were limited,...