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This research proposed a model of Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) scheme which is one of the techniques used in reducing collision and usually prioritized due to its contention window to determine the impact of distance change on the IEEE 802.11 ah standard. The proposed model was analyzed using the Markov Chain approach to determine the effect of distance change on collisions levels while...
This research is developing the analog value from the NPK sensor to digital using the YL 38 comparator module to obtain detailed Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) values according to the NPK sensor datasheet. This system is a network based on the Internet of Things (IoT) and LoRa. The IoT and LoRa features installed on this device, meanwhile the measurement and fertilization data can...
The bit error rate (BER) decreasing of soliton transmission in dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) system because of non-linear effects is investigated. Non-linear effects in DWDM are brought on by the Quadratic Electro-Optic effects (Kerr Effects) and inelastic scattering. The Kerr effects included self-phase modulation, four wave mixing, and cross phase modulation. Kerr effects can cause...
Nowadays the increasing of internet usage seems promising and interests new players to join the internet service provider (ISP) business. Not only the big scales, but also smaller even sub-districts scales of ISP don't want to miss a chance. This small ISP can't afford to make their own internet network, so they must rent an access networks to the internet. Not only cables, but they also have to pay...
Vehicular ad-hoc network (VANETs) developed based on mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), which is expected to provide communication between the vehicles and can be used for safety and entertainment applications for drivers and passengers. VANET have characteristics somewhat different from the MANET, the VANET mobile node moves faster, the number of nodes is more, topology changes very dynamically. Previous...
Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is one of the network technology that use moving vehicles as nodes, to create a wide range mobile network and also require efficient routing protocol to establish. In this work we compare the Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR) and Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) based on parameter metrics, i.e. average throughput, packet delivery ratio, end to end delay, and packet...
VANET (Vehicular Ad-hoc Network) is an emerging technology that has taken great attention in the recent years. Due to its changing topology and frequent disconnection naturally, it must have a flexible and optimum routing protocol to accommodate its behaviour. Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol (HWMP) is a routing protocol that has both reactive and proactive components that can be applied to the VANET...
Recently, to evalute the Quality of Service (QoS) due to the high mobility and corrupted signal impact by the Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) have become essential interest on the IEEE 1609.4 standard. In this work, we study the Two Ray Ground propagation channel caused by Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) on the IEEE 1609.4 standard. We use ns 3.18 and VanetMobiSim for the evaluation of the...
The Quality of Service (QoS) on the traffic environment with high mobility, dynamic topology, and change trajectory is one of the challenges in the use of Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANET) Routing Protocols. PUMA routing protocol presents multicast work mechanism based on shared mesh topology. It always dynamically adapt to VANET traffic conditions. In this paper, we evaluated the PUMA routing protocol...
The connectivity of the user equipment is one of the important thing that must be keep by the operator. To maintain this connectivity, operator should be smart to determine the network infrastructure that is low cost, easy, and fast to be implemented. To solve those connectivity problem, in this study will be designed an ad hoc mobile phone network. In an ad hoc network mobile phone which is built...
Providing an efficient and scalable VANET multicast routing has multiple issues due to its highly dynamic topology, the high mobility, and change trajectory On the other hand, mobility models represent real world scenarios and according that issues above, we need to evaluate shortest path performance in the mobility models using random Dijkstra algorithm for IEEE 1609.4 standard. In this paper, we...
One of the most challenging issues in IEEE 1609.4 is the assurance of Quality of Service (QoS), i.e. to improve throughput and reduce delay in the sublayer Medium Access Control (MAC) IEEE 1609.4. The prioritization of each service package, using Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) at the MAC sublayer is designed based on the IEEE 802.11e with some modifications to the transmission parameters.
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