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Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) is a well-established concept for developing and testing embedded systems. While it is widely used in industrial automation and the automotive area, it is rarely applied to Building Automation Systems (BAS). This work proposes the interconnection of a prominent building automation protocol, namely Building Automation and Control network (BACnet), and a simulator, PowerDEVS,...
KNX is a worldwide open standard for home and building automation, which originated from a classical fieldbus protocol. While the needs for interacting with the upcoming Internet of Things (IoT) were already partially addressed by the recent KNX Web Services application note, KNX IP networking still supports IPv4 only. This paper proposes the usage of IPv6 networking as native KNX medium. The most...
In building automation systems, the diversity of existing field level networks is a major challenge for fully integrated solutions. Typical approaches achieve integration by shifting the needed complexity to the automation or management layer. In contrast, this paper focuses on leaving the complexity at the field level to provide a homogeneous view to upper layers without compromising reliability...
IEEE 802.15.4 is a well-accepted standard for realizing wireless control networks. Besides the immediate use by an application, many industrial automation and building automation technologies are based on this standard. However, wireless networks have significant drawbacks. One major drawback is the range, since many automation systems are spread over a wide area or are even located in different facilities...
Thin films (50-200 nm) of SnO 2 TiO 2 were deposited on SiO 2 /(001)Si substrates by RF-sputtering and by molecular beam before they were annealed in vacuum at 200-900 o C. In-situ TEM, XRD, SEM, Raman and IR-spectroscopy were used to analyze the structure transformations in the SnO 2 TiO 2 films. In the as-deposited state, the films are amorphous. They...
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