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Underwater imaging has become a staple tool used by scientists exploring the deep ocean. Advanced camera systems are able to combine quantitative measurements from in-situ sensors with qualitative imaging to provide high fidelity multi-dimensional datasets which can be used to support a wide range of science questions. This includes benthic characterization and mapping, identification of biota and...
In support of ecosystem and fisheries studies the CSIRO has deployed a variety of towed and tethered systems to collect quantitative data to understand the distribution and makeup of mid-water biota. A series of platforms have been developed at the CSIRO which incorporate both imaging and acoustics to augment the physical samples. Although these systems provide high fidelity data, they often require...
Certain atmospheric measurements are inherently difficult to obtain at sea due to the requirement of a non-moving base for accurate data capture. A stabilizing platform has been built that will maintain equipment to within 0.5 degrees of vertical in pitch and roll, up to a maximum operating range of plus-andminus 10 degrees. The platform has been tested and tuned on the CSIRO and MNF vessel RV Investigator,...
Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are increasingly being deployed in the study of inshore coastal marine habitats. Combined with shipboard systems, scientists are able to make in situ measurements of water column and benthic properties. In CSIRO autonomous gliders are used to collect water column data, while surface vessels are used to collect bathymetry information through the use of swath mapping,...
JAMSTEC (Japan Agency for Marine Earth Science and Technology) deployed a deep water mooring down to 4 500 m which was deployed in 2012 and recovered in 2013 in the Southern Ocean at 60 degree south latitude. CSIRO (Commonwealth Science and Industry Research Organization) has also been operating deep water moorings down to 4 500 m south of Tasmania, Australia at 47 degree south latitude. Both of these...
Acoustic systems are used widely to provide quantitative estimates of biomass for fisheries and ecosystem assessments. Traditionally, these systems are attached to surface vessels, but increasingly they are being fitted to remote operated vehicles, autonomous vehicles and towed platforms. These platforms allow the acoustic transducer to get closer to targets, and provide increased resolution and,...
Towed underwater imaging systems are increasingly used for a wide variety of science applications in the deep ocean. These systems augment data collected by physical sampling such as dredging and trawling, but also provide an important sampling alternative where extractive methods are unnecessary or unsuitable — such as in sensitive habitats or for repeated sampling in marine reserves. Specific applications...
In support of ecosystem and fisheries studies, the CSIRO has developed and deployed a variety of towed and tethered acoustic and optical systems to quantify fish biomass and characterize the ecosystem. The most recent of these platforms — the acoustic and optical system (AOS) — was designed to provide both acoustic and imaging data for fisheries studies. When vertically deployed the AOS can provide...
The design of an existing in-house scientific instrument was used as a basis to create a new model suitable for deployment onto a fishing industry vessel, with a reduced need for specialized technical support. Some of the planned developmental goals were met directly, whilst others resulted in intermediate problems that required remedial action in order to deliver the desired outcome. The developmental...
Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are becoming commonplace in the study of inshore coastal marine habitats. Combined with shipboard systems, scientists are able to make in-situ measurements of water column and benthic properties. In CSIRO, autonomous gliders are used to collect water column data, while surface vessels are used to collect bathymetry information through the use of swath mapping,...
The design of an existing in-house scientific instrument was used as a basis to create a new model suitable for deployment onto a fishing industry vessel, with a reduced need for specialized technical support. Some of the planned developmental goals were met directly, whilst others resulted in intermediate problems that required remedial action in order to deliver the desired outcome. The developmental...
At-sea operational time budgets for seabed (benthic) sampling programs in the deep ocean are strongly influenced by the long descent and ascent times of samplers. The aims of deep ocean programs often require different types of samples and data to be collected from single sites, and to be closely co-located in space and time. A point of leverage to minimise operational time budgets, and a means of...
CSIRO has deployed large oceanographic moorings near the South Pole to help scientists better understand ocean dynamics in the ice forming regions around Antarctica. A standard instrument on these moorings is an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP), which provides information on the direction and magnitude of ocean currents in the water column. These instruments use an integrated magnetic compass...
Scientists looking to ground truth data collected by in situ sensors require physical water samples collected at the sensor depth. These samples which are processed in the lab are crucial in increasing the confidence of in situ sensors; especially when such sensors are of a new type. Traditionally, water samples at depth are collected manually through the use of niskin style bottles, or with the simple...
Understanding the water column nutrient dynamics is fundamental to quantifying primary productivity and the assessment of water quality. Nutrients such as nitrate ammonia and phosphate are typically evaluated from field samples, collected, transported, stored and analysed in the lab. Sample processing is time consuming and impractical for studies requiring high spatial and/or temporal resolution....
Pinger tags have long been used as a method of tracking fish movements. Typically, tags are either fixed to fish manually using catch and release methods, or the fish are allowed to ingest the tags through the use of baited lines. In the study of tuna species, long lines fitted with pinger tags and bait provide researches with a fast and effective method of tagging targets. The fish are able to swallow...
Marine researchers aiming to acquire composition and size-frequency information on fish assesmblages have successfully used Baited Underwater Video Systems (BRUVS) as a non-extractive alternative to more traditional sampling methods using nets or traps. In a monitoring study of gulper shark populations on the eastern Australian upper continental slope (300–700 m depths), it was necessary to re-design...
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