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DNA methylation is one of many epigenetic marks, which directly modifies base residues, usually cytosines, in a multiple‐step cycle. It has been linked to the regulation of gene expression and alternative splicing in several cell types, including during cell lineage specification and differentiation processes. DNA methylation changes have also been observed during aging, and aberrant methylation...
Schwann cells respond to nerve injury by cellular reprogramming that generates cells specialized for promoting regeneration and repair. These repair cells clear redundant myelin, attract macrophages, support survival of damaged neurons, encourage axonal growth, and guide axons back to their targets. There are interesting parallels between this response and that found in other tissues. At the cellular...
It is becoming clear that a radical change of cell identity of differentiated cells in vivo, triggered by injury or other adversity, provides an essential route to recovery for many different mammalian tissues. This process, which we term adaptive cellular reprogramming, promotes regeneration in one of two ways: by providing a transient class of repair cells or by directly replacing cells lost during...
Genetically modified mice have been a major source of information about the molecular control of Schwann‐cell myelin formation, and the role of β‐neuregulin 1 (NRG1) in this process in vivo. In vitro, on the other hand, Schwann cells from rats have been used in most analyses of the signaling pathways involved in myelination. To correlate more effectively in vivo and in vitro data, we used purified...
Mutations in the DNA-binding domain of EGR2 are associated with severe autosomal dominant forms of peripheral neuropathy. In this study, we show that one such Egr2 mutant (S382R, D383Y), when expressed in Schwann cells in vitro, is not transcriptionally inactive but retains residual wild-type Egr2 functions, including inhibition of transforming growth factor-β-induced Schwann cell death and an ability...
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