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Fuel diversity is critical in the utilization of fluidized bed combustors. To support the use of diverse fuels including low rank coals and biomass, interactions of chemical components that lead to operational issues such as agglomeration need to be studied. Low rank coals and biomass are generally rich in alkali and alkaline earth metals and their role in the initiation of agglomeration is investigated...
Rare earth elements are known to occur in low concentrations in U.S. coals and coal byproducts. These low concentrations may make rare earth element recovery from these materials unattractive, using only physical separation techniques. However, given the significant production of rare earths through ion exchange extraction in China, two U.S. coal byproducts were examined for ion extraction, using...
Agglomeration in fluidized beds begins locally by the sticking of slag–liquid-covered particles. Analysis of the composite fuel is not adequate in predicting agglomeration problems. Separation of the high rank Pittsburgh seam coal into particle classes based on specific gravity (SG1: <1.3g/cm 3 ; SG2: 1.3–1.6g/cm 3 ; SG3: 1.6–2.6g/cm 3 and SG4: >2.6g/cm 3 ) and...
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