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The "state of gentlemen," translated into Polish directly from its German and Czech counterparts, is a term not well known in Polish historical sciences. With the development of research on the social elites of Europe, it was impossible not only to understand, but also to skillfully explain many processes without clear knowledge of the Herrenstand.It is a concept that did not find matches...
In this article the form and function of the anaphoric and cataphoric intratextual references in a legal text are examined. Such references include, but are not limited to, the cohesion of a text and contribute to the understanding of the text. 29 habilitation regulations of various German universities are used as a basis for examination. References appear as phrases and dependent clauses, with prepositional...
International conventions governing civil-law relationships are established as a result of compromise between various legal systems. Their terminology, as well and the institutions regulated by them are not always coherent with those deriving from the domestic legal systems. Therefore, it is necessary to apply different rules of interpretation to this type of regulations. The purpose of the paper...