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This work reports on development of a multi-analyte needle-type sensor for measurement of pH, phosphate, and oxidation reduction potential (ORP) in soil. The sensor was fabricated using meniscus etching and selective electrodeposition of sensing surfaces (cobalt oxide for phosphate, iridium oxide for pH, and gold for ORP). The cobalt-oxide based phosphate sensor showed ~53 mV/decade sensitivity in...
This paper presents a distributed multiple human tracking system based on binary pyroelectric infrared (PIR) sensors. The goal of our research is to make wireless distributed pyroelectric sensors a low-cost, low-data-throughput alternative to the expensive infrared video sensors in surveillance applications. With the help of coded Fresnel lens arrays, a binary pyroelectric sensor array can measure...
Epitaxially grown single-layer and many-layer (10 atomic layers thick) resistive graphene devices were fabricated and compared for response towards NO2. Single-layer devices showed far greater sensitivity. The many-layer devices reduced in resistance on exposure to electron withdrawing NO2 demonstrating a majority hole carriers (p-type), whereas the single-layer device demonstrated an increase in...
Epitaxial graphene grown on SiC substrate is one of the most promising methods for achieving large area uniform graphene films. Our experimental results demonstrate graphene layers grown on both Si and C-faces of semi-insulating 6H-SiC can offer very high detection sensitivity, selectivity, and fast response time. Exposure to only 500 ppb NO2 reduced the conductivity by 2.25%, while 18 ppm caused...
The development of miniaturised systems for detection of disease biomarkers, at clinically relevant concentrations in biological samples, is key in the early diagnosis and monitoring of diseases. This paper presents the development of novel antibody functionalized epitaxial graphene devices for bio-sensing applications. Epitaxial graphene has been grown on silicon carbide (SiC) substrates under high...
In this work we have demonstrated a peptide functionalized cantilever sensor with integrated electrochemical capabilities. Silicon nitride cantilevers with gold electrodes are functionalized with the chelating peptide Cys-Gly-Gly-His (CGGH) to capture Cu2+ ions from solution. Upon binding the copper ion the peptide folds, creating steric hindrance and causing compressive stress in the monolayer, deflecting...
An acceleration latching switch with integrated normally Open/Close paths is presented in this paper. Two arch trusses used as fracture parts of the normally-close path are connected in series to form the normally close path, which will be broken and latched by the latching mechanism to reach the open state once the input acceleration beyond threshold. Moreover, the normally-open path is consisted...
A novel class of multimode optical fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer suited for refractive index measurement is presented. The Mach-Zehnder interferometer was constructed by making two coupling points in a multimode optical fiber at localized regions with an electric arc system. The Mach-Zehnder interferometer as a high sensitive refractive-index sensor to detect changes in the surrounding refractive...
A device for formation of an ultrahigh frequency atmospheric pressure plasma jet is presented. A nonthermal stable argon plasma jet was formed at the frequency of 850 MHz at forward and reflected powers of 9 and 3 W, respectively. Plasma jet was utilized as an ionization source for ambient mass spectrometry. Volatile organic compounds (benzene, acetone, propan-2-ol, acetic acid, and acetonitrile)...
In this paper we have proposed a new complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) thermopile by leading the infrared photonic crystal (IPC) to increase the absorption of infrared radiation. A highly sensitive infrared detector requires an excellent signal induced by incident IR radiation to maximize the temperature change. A photonic crystal structure offers significantly effects of optical performance,...
The power harvesting properties of a new class of all polymeric ionic electroactive materials, named Ionic Polymer-Polymer composites (IP2Cs) from vibrating sources are introduced and experimentally investigated. Obtained results show that the proposed technology gives better results with respect to other ionic polymeric transducers and allow to foresee the possibility to use in the future all polymeric...
This paper presents the first published report of a totally passively driven actuation and readout of an electromechanical resonator using inductive coupling. The goal of this work is to remotely excite and read a MEMS comb drive resonator with a focus on low power operation while simultaneously maximizing standoff distance without the use of active electronics at the sensor location. Initial measurements...
Stretchable sensor arrays have applications in robotics, structural health monitoring (SHM) devices, and electronic textiles applications where they can be mounted directly on nonplanar surfaces. For robotics, pressure sensor arrays mimic the human sense of touch, providing sensory feedback to help the robot move in a controlled manner. Our research investigates a novel microelectronic process sequence...
A sensing configuration based on commercially available triple-core photonic crystal fibre (PCF) for the image based optical collection of thermal information is presented. Detection of thermal phenomena on the micro and nano scale is important for monitoring thermodynamic processes and cooling mechanisms for the microelectronic packaging industry. The thermal characteristics of the fiber combined...
The ability to navigate a fluid environment using only hydrodynamic information without visual or acoustic cues represents a technical challenge with broad utility for numerous commercial, military, and scientific purposes. Here we report the successful design, numerical modeling, fabrication, and experimental characterization of a novel, capacitance-based whisker-like artificial sensor for measuring...
Nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscopes (NMRGs) detect rotation as a shift in the Larmor precession frequency of nuclear spins. A review of the open literature on NMRGs is presented, which includes an introduction to the spectroscopic techniques that enable NMRGs and a discussion of the design details for several specific NMRGs that have been built.
Through intercellular molecular signaling, many types of bacteria form biofilms, pathogenic matrices that characterize many clinical infections. A microfluidic platform for optical monitoring of biofilms was developed and tested. The platform was used to observe the dependence of Escherichia coli biofilm formation on bacterial signaling by monitoring the change in biofilm optical density over the...
A cell culture monitoring platform, called Sensing Cell Culture Flask (SCCF), together with results from measurements in tumor cell cultures is presented. The SCCF can be equipped with oxygen, NO, pH and temperature sensors. In this work measurements from an amperometric oxygen sensor array are shown. Two different cell lines from breast cancer and a brain tumor were tested. Incubation was done under...
This study presents an extended gate field-effect transistor (EGFET) chloride ion-selective sensor with very low hysteresis and high sensitivity for the point-of-care testing (POCT) blood analysis. All of the manufacturing processes adopted in this work are compatible with standard planar technology; hence, they are very suitable for mass production. This work firstly investigates the influence of...
Thanks to high specific surface areas, mesoporous silica films have been considered as sensitive coatings for guided shear-horizontal surface acoustic wave toluene sensors. In order to increase their sensitivity, the influence on toluene detection of the structuring agent used in the evaporation-induced-self assembly fabrication process of these inorganic films has been studied. In this paper, F127...
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