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Active buildings are important contributors in urban power grids and they are expected to be more integrated with renewable energy resources. At the same time, the amount of additional renewable sources that can be integrated in existing urban distribution grids is restricted by technical limitations. This work introduces a novel hierarchical predictive model controller architecture that takes both...
Due to highly volatile feed-in by renewable energy sources (RES), a large amount of potential controls in future smart grids as well as the striving for gains in efficiency, power system operation becomes increasingly complex. This complexity is a particular challenge for real-time operation as centralized optimizations of the non-linear system are computationally intensive and rely on adequate data...
Model-Based Design of Cyber-Physical Energy Systems (CPES) is a challenge from a modeling and simulation point of view. Multi-domain and multi-scale modeling and simulation as well as high simulation performance are required in order to model distributed systems, appliances, embedded systems, electric components, and physical systems of different nature at different levels of abstraction. In this...
Emerging cyber-physical system (CPS) applications require reliable time synchronization to enable distributed control and sensing applications. However, time reference signals are vulnerable to attacks that could remain undetected for a long time. Sensor-rich distributed CPS such as the “smart grid” highly rely on GPS and similar time references for sub-station clock synchronization. The vulnerability...
GridSpice is a simulation framework for the smart grid that integrates existing electric power point tools. The framework provides computational scale and modeling capability to represent diverse scenarios in large interconnected grid systems. Currently, GridSpice integrates a transmission and economic dispatch package based on MatPOWER and the distribution system simulator Gridlab-D. GridSpice provides...
In this paper, we describe our global event-driven co-simulation framework GECO that we developed to co-simulate power systems dynamics with data network activities. The GECO framework utilizes global event scheduling across two different simulators with distinct simulation disciplines — to eliminate common synchronization errors often found in federated simulation platforms. We also illustrate the...
Simulating cyber-physical energy systems such as data centers requires the characterization of the energy interactions between the computing units and the physical environment. Such interactions involve discrete events such as changes in operating modes of cooling units, and also transient processes such as heat flow. An event-based simulator fails to capture continuous transient effects while a time-stepped...
The effect of integrating intermittent renewable generation such as wind and solar, as well as plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) on a grid is an important area of study. Renewable generation depends on weather. Energy consumption, storage, and emergency usage of battery-stored power in PEVs are dependent on the spread of such vehicles in a geographical area, commute patterns, and hours of long-term...
EnergyPlus is the flagship building energy simulation software used to model whole building energy consumption for residential and commercial establishments. A typical input to the program often has hundreds, sometimes thousands of parameters which are typically tweaked by a buildings expert to “get it right”. This process can sometimes take months. “Autotune” is an ongoing research effort employing...
Semantic Web technologies have become a reference technology for information modelling and reasoning support in Smart Homes. This paper provides an extensive review of the ontologies developed in this scenario. Also, it discusses how they can be connected and expanded to create a complete framework that covers all the aspects of a Smart Home, ranging from device description to energy management, under...
The success of the Smart Grid depends on its ability to collect data from heterogeneous sources such as smart meters and smart appliances, as well as the utilization of this information to forecast energy demand and to provide value-added services to users. In our analysis, we discuss requirements for collecting and integrating household data within smart grid applications. We put forward a potential...
In this paper, we consider a smart grid incorporating numerous devices. In order to manage the energy distribution, we propose an algorithm that employs the group bargaining concept of game theory to efficiently allocate electricity resources among these devices. First, we divide the devices into non-overlapping groups, and allow devices to bargain both within and across groups. Second, we regard...
The success and the advantages of model-based design approaches for complex cyber-physical systems have led to the development of the FMI (Functional Mock-Up Interface), an open interface specification that allows to share dynamic system models between different simulation environments. The FMI specification intentionally provides only the most essential and fundamental functionalities in the form...
Modelica has achieved a great success in the last decade. Universal modeling concepts, object-oriented facilities and large set of libraries in several physical domains allow for rapid prototyping of multidisciplinary applications. A larger community can benefit from these capabilities if Modelica-based components can be integrated into their favourite simulation tools. This work addresses the impact...
The objective of this paper is to analyze the value that renewable energy sources (RES) have in providing capacity, and specifically study the interactions that take place in the presence of energy storage systems (ESS) and ramping constraints. To examine this question, we use a new analytical framework that optimizes over different high and low probability scenarios using a stochastic, security constrained...
Power system analysis applications like PowerFactory make it possible to investigate research questions within a dedicated domain specific environment. With the increasing complexity in cyber-physical systems the need for coupling models or systems for simulation becomes eminent. By utilizing and extending existing interfacing mechanisms the pros and cons for different coupling approaches under different...
New smart grid technologies and concepts, such as dynamic pricing, demand response, dynamic state estimation, and wide area monitoring, protection, and control, are expected to require considerable communication resources. As the cost of retrofit can be high, future power grids will require the integration of high-speed, secure connections with legacy communication systems, while still providing adequate...
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