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This paper discusses the comparison between two modulation systems, pulse code modulation and delta modulation. The objective is to identify a suitable modulation for speech coding by comparing delta modulation (DM) with pulse code modulation (PCM). The reconstruction performance of the delta modulation is compared with the pulse code modulation by using MATLAB, SIMULINK and finally implemented DSP...
This paper analyzes the radar performance of a bitumen liquid level detection. In previous installation, radar A and B has successfully found its place to detect bitumen liquid level in tank storage. The problems occur when these two types of radar continuously give the frequent peak error in liquid level measurement output readings. With an advanced technology this research proposes of using radar...
This paper presents a design and implementation of a Power Amplifier for GSM Transmitters using a high efficiency class-F type. A typical class-F circuit has been designed, simulated and implemented using GaAs pHEMT transistor at a frequency of 900MHz. The proposed design achieves 95.5% of theoretical Power Added Efficiency and 28.9dBm output power. To validate the designed circuit, experimental work...
This paper studies the methodology of power integrity (PI) analysis for high speed printed circuit board (PCB) design. This involves the analysis of AC and DC characteristic of the PCB, and also the loop stability of the switch mode voltage source. Besides this, the best practices of designing a power rail with excellent fidelity are discussed in detail in this paper. The basic theory of operation...
Indoor air quality is a rising issue these days. People are becoming are of the importance of indoor air quality. This paper further advances the technology for indoor air quality surveillance by adding an index feature to it. The index feature, accompanied with real-time monitoring system is very useful in giving the real-time alert to the users on the conditions of the current indoor air quality...
Recent rapid progress in information and communication technologies has spurred the exponential surge in the demand for unlimited high-speed and ubiquitous broadband wireless access (BWA), resulting in severe congestion of the radio frequency (RF) spectrum and wireless traffic bottleneck. Visible-light communications (VLC) is poised to become a promising BWA candidate to resolve the existing “last...
Nanostructured Aluminium (Al) doped Zinc Oxide (ZnO) was prepared by sol-gel spin-coating method to fabricate ZnO-based sensors. The oxygen-sensing characteristics were studied by varying the gas flow rate at room temperature. The electrical and structural properties of the films were carried out using current-voltage (IV) measurement, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron...
This paper describes the development of the 5th order Chebyshev microstrip low pass filter using both Advanced Design Software (ADS) simulation and laser micromachining fabrication technique. The significance of this work is the introduction of a new concept used to fabricate low-pass filter which is using laser micromachine. At present, laser micromachine is used to complement conventional photolithography...
One of the properties of longitudinal profile development in extensive air showers is depth of shower maximum in atmospheric cascade of particles initiated extensive air showers as a function of the primary energy. Study the characteristics of extensive air showers was fulfilled depending on a Hitler's model. The calculation of depth of shower maximum (Xmax) in atmosphere was performed for particles...
In this work, the TiO2 film were deposited on glass substrate at different thicknesses and their structural properties was investigated. Meanwhile, the nanocomposited aligned ZnO nanorods were formed by deposited the TiO2 film on top of aligned ZnO Nanorod on ITO-coated glass substrates with different of TiO2 thicknesses using spin coating technique. The nanocomposited alighed ZnO nanorod/TiO2 were...
One of the most challenging tasks in sequence alignment is its repetitive and time-consuming alignment matrix computations. Alignment matrix scores are crucial for identifying regions of homology between biological sequences. In this paper, a parametrizable and area efficient processing element (PE) architecture for performing biological sequence alignment task especially for pairwise biological sequence...
This paper discusses the permittivity measurement of different types of soil in Malaysia for Ground Penetrating Radar Application (GPR). Four different types of soil have been chosen as the samples which are wet sand, dry sand, wet clay and dry clay. The permittivity measurements of the samples are determined using Agilent Network Analyzer (E8362B) and Open ended coaxial probe method (Agilent Dielectric...
This paper presents an improved generalized predictive control (GPC) scheme integrated with a disturbance compensation scheme that combines iterative learning control (ILC) and real-time feedback control (RFC). A least mean square error (LMSE) estimator has been used to estimate the output error caused by repeatable disturbances. The use of this estimated error information in the ILC component aims...
This paper presents an overview of the quartz crystal microbalance sensor (QCM) for bacteria application. The QCM sensor can be considered as a representative mechanical transducer for a biosensor device that converts the mass of target analytes into an electrical signal. Microorganisms' detection using QCM sensor can be applied in applications in the field of environment, biomedical area, and food...
Automatic grading of oil palm fresh fruit bunch is desired. In this study, a capacitive sensing system was designed and developed for the purpose of grading oil palm fresh fruit bunch. In this method, oil palm fresh fruit bunch placed between capacitive plates as a dielectric material and then measure the resulting capacitance voltage. Experiments were carried out using oil palm bunches of Tenera...
Modernization of human technology overtime result the need of more freedom technology such as ‘wired glove' to replace current trend. Joystick, mouse, keyboard and other related output device will be replaced by ‘Wired Glove’ technology which given user more freedom and user friendly. ‘Wired Glove’ does not only limited to personal computer used only, but it can be design to control motor, robot,...
All over the world, the existing spectrum is already been saturated with ever increasing demand. Every day huge number of users is joined to the existing fixed band frequency but the bandwidth is not increasing. To solve this issue the cognitive radio is the best choice. Spectrum or white space detection is an essential and very important issue in cognitive radio communication. The aim of channel...
This paper analyzes power consumption of microelectromechanical-system (MEMS) heater design in combination with Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC) thermistor in Wheatstone bridge circuit. The simulation of heater design is carried out based on the minimal power usage depends on heater shape, resistance and current supply. Temperature measurement of the heater is recorded through resistive sensor,...
The project to define Long Term Evolution (LTE) of UMTS cellular technology started in year 2004 is well established to the world. The subsequent evolve of LTE-Advanced however targets for enhancement in average spectrum efficiency and cell-edge user throughput. The limiting factor of the system performance at cell-edge is inter-cell interference (ICI). The challenge that is discussed in this paper...
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