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Conventional closed-form homogenizing rules may be not accurate if the contrast of material properties is high, such as the case of ferrite tiles with gaps used in EMC anechoic chambers. A new homogenization method is proposed to handle such extreme cases. It uses the field solution of a single unit cell illuminated by a plane wave incident in the normal direction. By doing this, the physical interactions...
This paper proposed a radiated two-stage based method for the Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) system evaluations. By using the proposed method, not only the final throughput values, but also the antenna patterns, the antennas' envelope correlation coefficient, the antennas' imbalance and the radiated sensitivity of the MIMO device can be obtained over the air. Moreover, through these parameters,...
As more categories of wireless technology and digital function are integrated into a single, miniaturized electronic product, addressing de-sense challenges becomes more critical. In this paper we analyse these challenges and summarize effective measures for de-sense optimization. Two examples are presented, one focuses on noises coupled to antenna and the other focuses on noises directly coupled...
A multi-fidelity simulation-based workflow is presented as an efficient means of achieving interference-free design for electronic devices. By using desensitization, or “desense”, as the primary figure of merit, this work flow is achieved in three stages: 1) Identification of high-risk sources of radiation from the printed circuit board (PCB) using signal integrity (SI) simulation models that already...
The signal in channels with high-speed designs is attenuated by channel loss, inter-symbol interference, jitter, noise and crosstalk. The main way to recover the signal is by using equalizations, such as Feed-Forward Equalizer, Continuous Time-Linear Equalizer and Decision Feedback Equalizer (DFE). One of the important problems with high-speed design and channel simulations is developing fast optimization...
Impact of broadband and out-of-band RFI noise on WiFi performance is quantitatively characterized in comparison to narrowband and in-band noise. Broadband RFI noise starts to decrease throughput at the level of −117 dBm/100kHz, while narrowband noise impacts throughput at level of −106 dBm/100kHz. Broadband noise causes throughput degradation at higher rate than narrowband noise. Regarding out-of-channel...
A lid is widely used in integrated circuit and package to provide the die protection, heat spreading and warpage control. High-speed signals from a die and traces can be coupled to the lid causing radiated emissions, which usually result in Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) problems. One method to mitigate the emissions is to connect the lid to the package ground by using electrically conductive...
This paper proposes a compact delay matching solution for reference clock in PCB. The proposed method provides up to 70% area saving compared to the traditional length matching methods. It also provides design and layout flexibility. Effectiveness of the matching network, electrical static performance, and component variation impacts are simulated and compared to conventional methods.
Although existing standards such as IEC62684 and EN 301 489-34 limit the line frequency common mode (CM) voltages at the output of AC/DC converters, the mechanism and characteristics of line frequency CM voltages at the outputs of AC/DC converters are unclear and the technique to reduce it is not well investigated and developed. In this paper, the line frequency CM voltages at the outputs of AC/DC...
This paper focuses on the modeling and analysis of different power distribution network (PDN) structures in 3D TSV ICs, including 3D full wave model and equivalent circuit model. In addition, a simplified equivalent circuit model of stacked PDN is proposed to analysis aspects influencing stacked PDN impedance, such as number of ground TSVs, number of TSV pairs and number of stacked layers. Analyses...
A tensor impedance boundary condition (TIBC) is proposed for multilayer unidirectional and woven fabric carbon fiber composite materials. This TIBC will be deployed for analyzing the shielding effectiveness (SE) of a prescribed composites panel. Propagation constants are firstly obtained in case of the composite material, and then the TIBC is formulated directly through modifying general impedance...
A method for detecting causality violations in tabulated frequency-domain data is presented. The method employs the discrete Hilbert transform for separating the causal and noncausal parts of the tabulated data. Hence, it does not involve a time domain transformation, which prevents effects caused by Gibbs oscillations. In addition, the method allows to determine which frequency bands are responsible...
An electronic system will commonly have multiple emission (or noise) sources, some of which are correlated while others are un-correlated. Measuring the contribution to a node voltage or branch current by an individual source with high accuracy in such a multi source inter-coupled system is a fundamental problem. The problem is further amplified when the signal processing following the measurements...
The paper deals with a stochastic-deterministic modeling and sensitivity analysis of the transient field generated by a ground penetrating radar (GPR) dipole antenna and transmitted into a lossy ground in time domain. Uncertainties are inherent to the environmental and geometrical parameters pertaining to GPR applications. Such settings include dielectric properties of a soil, the terrain inhomogeneity,...
The reproducibility of the Absorber Lined Shielded Enclosure (ALSE) radiated emission test method, defined in the standard CISPR 25, is evaluated through an interlaboratory comparison (ILC). The ILC started on September 2016 and concluded on February 2017. Nineteen data sets have been received. The investigated frequency range is from 1 MHz to 1000 MHz. The most critical (worst reproducibility) frequency...
NASA's Mars 2020 rover will carry a wideband (150 MHz to 1200 MHz) ground penetrating radar—RIMFAX, contributed by FFI of Norway—to survey the subsurface geology of Mars. RIMFAX will take radar soundings while the rover drives across the Martian terrain, which presents possible compatibility issues between rover and radar operations. In order to study this risk, a prototype RIMFAX antenna was attached...
Cable harnessing mass continues to be a problem for spacecraft development, particularly with increasingly complex payloads and constraints to their mass and costs. As a strategic initiative to reduce cable harnessing on flight missions, NASA JPL's Powerline Communications (PLC) research and technology development (R&TD) effort investigates the ability to combine power and data onto the same cable...
Skew is unintentionally introduced within a differential pair, through misalignment of conductors and glass fiber bundles in Printed Circuit Board (PCB) dielectric layers. Manufacturers do not control interposition of specific glass bundles to supplied board design (artwork). Therefore, an unknown and random factor is added to each produced PCB. Current paper describes a method that utilizes a set...
A method of extracting the effective copper surface roughness of a laminate in situ is introduced. The rough copper attenuation, as a function of surface roughness, is removed from the total attenuation. The residual loss is fit to coefficients, and an error is calculated based on the remaining surface roughness contribution. When the error is minimized or when the apparent surface roughness contribution...
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