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Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is an anomaly of fetal growth dynamics, which is mainly caused by alterations in the vascular remodeling of utero-placental arteries. With a prevalence of 10% of pregnancies, IUGR remains the leading cause of perinatal mortality. Doppler velocimetry is the common screening tool for IUGR but this imaging modality remains controversial. In this context, we evaluated...
Accurate diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a critical issue in current clinical practice. Non-invasive diagnosis of NASH can be achieved by quantitative ultrasound (QUS), which requires a detailed understanding tissue-specific acoustic microstructure at cellular scale (i.e., 10 μm). Therefore, QUS methods would benefit from the knowledge of the acoustic properties of organelles...
Acoustic Angiography enables high resolution and high SNR imaging of microbubble contrast agents. The technique relies on pulsing and receiving at two widely separated acoustic bandwidths to reject signal from the tissue. To date this technique has been used to evaluate microvasculature within tumors and kidneys, but has not been used to visualize in vivo blood flow within heart, or liver. These targets...
Microembolization during PCI for acute myocardial infarction can cause microvascular obstruction (MVO). MVO severely limits the success of reperfusion therapies and is linked to worse prognosis, including death. A recent clinical trial showed that adjunct short pulse MB+US therapy prior to and following PCI in first STEMI patients, improved angiographic recanalization prior to PCI and ejection fraction...
Traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI) often leads to debilitating neurological disabilities that in addition to the loss of sensory and motor capabilities, also includes other issues with the bladder, heart and respiration. Overall, tSCI results in a drastic decrease in the quality of life. Traumatic spinal cord injury causes an almost complete loss of blood flow at the site of injury (primary injury)...
Oxygen microbubbles (OMBs) have recently been used as adjunct treatment for solid tumors. Indeed, their ability to relieve tumor hypoxia was shown to benefit sonodynamic and other treatment outcomes in vivo. However, OMBs are often administered via intratumoral injection, and the effect of repeated OMB injections in tumors has not been investigated. Here we report on the paradoxical finding that daily...
Crohn's disease is a chronic autoimmune disease of the intestinal tract affecting 700,000 people in the United States. The pathology of Crohn's disease is characterized by obstructing intestinal strictures due to inflammation, fibrosis, or a combination of both. The identification of fibrosis in intestinal strictures is critical, as the fibrotic strictures are irreversible and have to be removed surgically...
Spectroscopic photoacoustic (sPA) can estimate blood oxygen saturation (SO2), which has been shown to correlate with hypoxia, and therefore could improve cancer diagnosis and treatment monitoring. However, accurate quantification of SO2 is often not straightforward as local fluence varies significantly at depth due to wavelength-dependent optical scattering and absorption. Additionally, assessing...
Direct access to the electrical activation in the heart is crucial for understanding and diagnosing cardiac activation diseases such as arrhythmias. We have recently presented a fully integrated Ultrafast Acoustoelectric Imaging (UAI) system based on the acoustoelectric effect1 i.e., the modulation of the electrical impedance of a tissue by an ultrasound wave, which uses plane wave emissions to provide...
A great need exists to non-invasively quantify the neurotransmitter activity in real-time to build a comprehensive functional map of a brain. In this paper, we present real-time recording of neuronal membrane potential change in vivo using transcranial photoacoustic (PA) voltage-sensitive dye (VSD) imaging on a rat in seizure.
The recent development of ultrafast ultrasound localization microscopy (Errico et al., Nature, 2015) provides new opportunities for imaging the vasculature with sub-diffraction resolution. However, the large number of images to be recorded requires acquisitions lasting several minutes. Therefore, physiological motion far larger than the achievable resolution presents challenges for moving tissues...
Lipid-shelled microbubbles (MBs) are routinely used as contrast agents for ultrasound imaging. Such MBs are often formulated with polyethylene glycol (PEG), with the intention of shielding them from recognition and clearance by the innate immune system, prolonging their intravenous circulation time. Paradoxically, the immune system is able to generate specific antibodies that bind PEG. This has been...
Cancer growth requires angiogenesis; imaging of angiogenesis may thus improve cancer diagnostics and therapy monitoring. Dynamic contrast enhanced ultrasound (DCE-US) permits imaging angiogenesis at the molecular level by using novel targeted ultrasound contrast agents (tUCA). These agents consist of functionalized microbubbles obtained by engineering their shell with targeting ligands able to bind...
Identifying real-time changes in tissues via quantitative ultrasound (QUS) approaches are clinically significant, particularly if QUS changes correspond to early detection of disease or provide early assessment of treatment success. Thus, understanding sequential steps in disease progression is key for success. Cerulein-induced inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis) in rodent models causes a...
Transcranial ultrasound is an emerging technology for non-surgical stimulation of the animal and human brain. Previous studies has demonstrated that ultrasound could elicit discharge activity of retinal cells with short latency in animal (Journal of Neuroscience 33(10):4550–4560, 2013) and enhances sensory discrimination abilities of somato-sensory cortex in humans (Nature Neuroscience 17(2):322–9,...
Brain tumors therapy is limited by the Blood-Tumor Barrier (BTB) and Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB), still intact in the infiltrative areas. Low intensity Focused Ultrasound (FUS) in conjunction with microbubbles is the only method allowing the local disruption of the BTB/BBB [Hynynen et al. 2001, Zhao et al. 2015]. Proper study of the influence of acoustic scanning parameters (duty cycle, number of focal...
Solid tumor hypoxia is a poor outcome predictor for radiotherapy, chemotherapy and also surgical treatment options. Recently, oxygen microbubbles (OMB) have shown promise as an adjuvant therapy to relieve such tumor hypoxia. However, a key limiting factor remains the lack of available data in vivo of the dose-response and time-dynamics of this OMB-induced reoxygenation. Here we study the kinetics...
Neuromodulation with low intensity focused ultrasound has many potential applications. One target of interest is the nucleus accumbens which is the reward center of the brain. It is hypothesized that with proper stimulation of the nucleus accumbens addictive behavior can be suppressed. Carrying out animal studies to understand the effects of LIFU parameters on such behavioral changes is an important...
Sorafenib is the only clinically approved drug for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its response rate is relatively poor. Recently, it has been shown that tissue hypoxia and perfusion have predictive correlation with HCC response to sorafenib treatment. In this study, we investigate the correlation of photoacoustic-ultrasonic (PAUS) imaging biomarkers for oxygen saturation (SO2) and perfusion to...
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