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The flood of alarms produced by Point-of-Care (PoC) medical devices in intensive care units (ICUs) and operating rooms (ORs) is a crucial issue of today's hospitals. Alarm fatigue and desensitization leads to the death of patients, noise worsens the patient's recovery process and causes burnout syndromes of caregivers, etc. Much research has been done in the last years to reduce false alarms and noise...
Digital droplet assays — in which biological samples are compartmentalized into millions of femtoliter volume droplets and interrogated individually — have generated enormous enthusiasm for their ability to robustly detect nucleic acids and proteins with single molecule sensitivity. A key challenge in the field however has been the cumbersome instrumentation necessary to generate, process, and detect...
The past decades have witnessed rapidly growing demands for portable, low-cost bioassays with minimal complexity in manufacturing, operation and instrumentation that can provide reliable real-time information for clinical diagnosis. To address this need, an “AC electrokinetic (ACEK) capacitive sensing” method is developed that is capable of rapid, low cost and simple-to-operate specific assay for...
Tremor is an involuntary rhythmic muscle movement assessed subjectively by specialists. To improve accuracy and mitigate bias, tremor must be video recorded and rated by multiple experts. Existing video-based motion tracking techniques can be applied to quantify tremor assessment; though, such methods rely on sophisticated and expensive instrumentation as well as specialized skin markers. This paper...
Many coaches and athletes are showing an increasing interest in training monitoring systems every year. There is a plethora of performance markers that can aid in a coaches assessment of physiological and psychological conditions of their athletes. These markers can indicate an athletes readiness for competition, adaptation to training, or risk for injury. However, studies have shown examination of...
The increasing stress on the global healthcare system driven by the rise of chronic disease and an aging population is necessitating an emphasis on proactive health monitoring and self-management. Potential exists in the wave of emerging wearable devices and the internet of things (IoT) to support a movement towards the decentralization of healthcare. In particular, mobility impairments caused by...
Healthcare-associated infections, specifically those acquired as the result of an invasive medical or surgical procedure, are common in first-world nations as well as the developing world, and are associated with high morbidity, mortality, and billions of dollars (US) in cost. Blue light centered at 405 nm has been identified as a potential adjunct antimicrobial tool to treat and prevent infection...
Nanoscale drug carriers have quickly risen to the forefront of translational research and promise to play a prominent role in point of care applications. The protocol for synthesizing these particles typically relies on extensive secondary post processing techniques (e.g. extrusion, dialysis, or ultracentrifugation) that are time consuming and can lead to a net loss in either the number of particles...
Emotional states involving anger, hostility, anxiety and stress have been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Online emotion recognition has achieved little attention in the literature in comparison to offline approaches. We present both online and offline methods to identify anger based on EMG data. In the offline method, the Hilbert-Huang transform is used to extract energy...
In this work, EEG signals are used to detect the presence of pain in healthy subjects aiming to apply the same process to non-communicative patients. It was acquired 20 EEGs of healthy subjects in resting and pain state. Pain was induced through a cold pressor test. Phase Indexes as Phase Lag Index, Weighted Phase Lag Index were applied in four frequency bands to detect pain, getting significant results...
An artificial intelligence-based (AI-based) noninvasive Pulse AudioGram (PAG) monitoring device with arrhythmia screening algorithm has been developed in this research study. The PAG monitoring device consists of four components, including an audiogram sensor, an analog-digital converter, a microprocessor, and a data storage unit. The main function of the proposed AI-based non-invasive PAG is to measure...
In this paper, a smartphone-integrated optical cradle is designed, developed and used to perform three modalities of optical biosensing including absorptive transmission, photonic-resonance based reflection, and fluorescence intensity. Proof-of-concept demonstration of two off-the-shelf diagnostic tests for maternal and child health biomarkers is completed and compared with a traditional laboratory...
New tools are needed to enable rapid detection, identification, and reporting of infectious viral and microbial pathogens in a wide variety of point-of-care applications that impact human and animal health. We report the design, construction, and characterization of a platform for multiplexed analysis of disease-specific DNA sequences that utilizes a smartphone camera as the sensor in conjunction...
Physicians are not evenly distributed throughout the United States. To overcome this physical limitation, we propose a concept of medical expertise pooling, which will redistribute the expertise throughout the nation more evenly. To establish this concept, we are proposing a system with emerging tele sensing and manipulation technologies over the network. In case of emergency, the proposed system...
FDA has approved the cancer biomarkers like CA-125 (Cancer Antigen-125), HE4 (Human Epididymis Protein 4), PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen) etc., to monitor the cancer progression by measuring the concentration levels of biomarkers in the biofluid samples of the patients. This research paper explains the detection process of the Cancer Antigens-CA 125 from a micro volume of the biofluid sample. The...
Epilepsy is a common neural disorder disease; about 1.7% of the global population has epilepsy. Most patients take antiepileptic drugs to reduce their seizures. Among them, nearly one-third of the patients are drug-resistant epilepsy. The alternative treatment is the resection surgery of removing the epileptogenic zone. However, all above patients will still have some seizures, which will influence...
Precise dispensing of droplets is a crucial step for acquiring reliable diagnostic results. When a source sample volume is limited, the need for precise dispensing of submicroliter and nanoliter quantities is especially important. In this work, we developed a positive-displacement high-precision dispensing technique using a nickel electroformed tube with an inner diameter accuracy of 5 μm or less...
Cardiac auscultation allows diagnosing the heart by listening to its sounds. Current cardiac auscultation training is seeing a preference towards diagnostics equipment such as the echocardiograph that allows visualizing and listening to the heart to determine how the heart is working, rather than the use of the stethoscope which only provides auditory feedback, resulting in a loss of stethoscope-based...
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