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Ruthenium based olefin metathesis catalysts have provided new routes to olefins that appear in a variety of structures. Their functional group tolerance and ease of use allow their application in the synthesis of multifunctional bioactive molecules. The same systems are also useful for the synthesis of an array of new materials from multifunctional polymers to supramolecular systems. Underlying these...
The energy consumption of a standard 3.5 inch Hard Disk Drive (HDD) is on the order of 10 Watts, a laptop runs on approximately 50 Watts. This doesn't sound very much but considering the huge number of HDD's and laptops around it is certainly advisable to look among other things for energy saving possibilities.
In the future, the world will undergo a big transition due to aging society, growing global competition, and energy & environmental problems. The most influential factor to the future will be the paradigm shift of science and technology. The information technology has brought comfort and convenience to our daily life, and is expected to advance consistently by creating new services and technologies...
We discuss the use of monolayer graphene as the channel of RF field-effect transistors (GFETs) and as the photoconductive element of photodetectors. GFETs with cut-off frequencies up to 100 GHz and wide wavelength range, ultrafast photodetectors are demonstrated. The electric field-induced bandgap opening in bilayer graphene is also demonstrated.
Summary form only given. We have developed an arsenal of strategies based on a scanning probe molecular printing method [Braunschweig, et. al., 2009] recently developed in our group, namely polymer pen lithography (PPL) [Huo, et. al., 2008], to form arbitrary patterns of molecular and biological species with nanometer-to-micrometer feature size control. PPL employs massively-parallel arrays of elastomeric...
Nanotechnology R&D has changed its focus, industrial relevance and governance since 2000 when was proposed in various national programs as a key science and technology development for 21st century. This presentation outlines the progress in foundational knowledge development, its current status supporting about $80 billion production incorporating nanoscale components only in the United States,...
For almost 50 years, stimulated emission has been stronger and far more important than spontaneous emission. Indeed spontaneous emission has been looked down upon, as a weak effect. Now a new science of enhanced spontaneous emission is emerging, that will make spontaneous emission faster than any possible stimulated emission. This new science depends upon the use of nanoscale metallic optical elements,...
Present day CMOS transistors operate by thermionic emission of electrons over a gate tunable barrier. The fundamental switching energy for each such switching event can be derived from equilibrium thermodynamic considerations. While clever ways can sometimes mitigate the power budget, more often than not, this involves trade-offs with short channel effects (variability), on-off ratio (reliability)...
In this paper we will review the evolution of Non-Volatile Memories (NVM) through the last decades, driven by a continuous introduction of new materials that helped the reduction of the single cell area and so the cost of the memory. As we entered into the sub-20 nm realm, limitations are appearing for Flash memories and alternative physical mechanisms are proposed to store information in high density...
This paper describes the first single impurity metrology study and the first experimental study of the behavior of the active cross-section area in function of gate voltages (VG) for undoped FinFETs. From one side we show how we can identify chemical species, electric field and position for a donor present in the channel of a doped FinFET. From another side, for the undoped devices, we propose a mechanism...
Using GSMBE with ammonia on (0001) sapphire substrates, AlN/AlGaN nanostructured short period superlattices (SPSLs), with respective well and barrier thickness from 0.5 to 1 nm and from 0.75 to 1.5 nm, have been shown to have energy gaps in the deep UV suitable for light emitting diodes (LEDs) and photodetectors (PDs) operating down to 247 nm. Performance of LEDs and PDs is limited by factors including...
The authors discuss the 3-D and 2-D X-on-Y (XoY) assembly techniques, utilizing specific examples to illustrate the potential of these methods for the fabrication of high performance devices on arbitrary substrates. For fabrication of 3-D structures, a templated nanomaterial growth technique is used. Specifically, anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) is used as the growth template. Alternatively, for 2-D assembly,...
We introduce in directed-assembly method of block copolymers within organic confinements for device oriented nanofabrication. Applying topographically prepatterned substrates allowed for the control over the orientational and positional orderings of self-assembled structures of block copolymer thin films. The directed-block copolymer self-assembly was successfully used as a template for the nanofabrication...
Certain amphiphilic molecules, which were rationally designed, have been found to produce tubular structures with well-defined dimensions and morphologies through molecular self-assembly. In particular, organic nanotubes with inner and outer surfaces covered with different chemical functionalities are able to encapsulate and release a protein guest in aqueous solutions. The resultant organic nanotubes...
We demonstrate a simple and versatile approach to produce hierarchical assemblies of nanoparticles by combining block copolymers and small molecules. Directed nanoparticle assemblies can be achieved with a variety of nanoparticles and small molecules without modification of the nanoparticle ligands. This novel approach opens up new routes toward the fabrication of nanoparticle-based functional devices...
This paper puts forward and discusses the prospects of carbon based nanomaterials (including carbon nanotubes and graphene nano-ribbons) for designing next generation low-power, low-loss and ultra energy-efficient “green” electronics targeted for computing as well as energy storage and conversion applications.
The aim of this paper is to review our recent results on the growth and optimization of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and CNT/Zinc Oxide nanostructures and present and discuss their suitability for various applications such as cold cathode electron sources for use in x-ray sources and lighting.
With increasing importance of non-Si electronics for the future generations of digital and analog devices the questions of ultimate performance limits and reliability of new electronic materials become critical. In the paper we review a particular case of heterogeneous carbon-based electronics. We assume that the nanotube material is combined with the materials of the standard Si-technology. Interface...
Based on extensive measurements and analysis, we establish that a frequency-independent parallel RC circuit can accurately model the high-frequency electrical conduction in 1-D nanostructures. The methodology is applied to carbon nanofibers and the AC model yields results that are within ± 0.5 dB and ± 5° of measured 5-parameters up to 50 GHz.
Infectious microorganisms represent the causes of many of the most common and dangerous diseases in our modern society. Two major problems exist when tackling the problem of infections: detection and treatment. Here we utilize two distinct nanotechnology platforms to combat these problems. First, we demonstrate a novel detection method for identifying Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA using rolling circle...
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