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The transfection of molecules into cultured cells is a critical step toward fundamental studies of cells, drug screening, and stem cell reprogramming/differentiation. Despite rapid development of transfection methods, efficient transfection of adherent cells while maintaining viability is still challenging, in particular, for sensitive primary cells. To achieve this goal, we present a microfluidic...
Bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) nanoflowers with unit size of about 5 μm and "petals" on the scale of 50~100 nm were investigated for field emission (FE) properties. Current density of the Bi2S3 nanoflowers versus applied electric field and the Fowler-Nordheim (F-N) plot, as well as long term stability of FE performance were experimentally studied. Results show that the Bi2S3 nanoflowers have good...
Retinoic acid and its synthetic derivatives are considered as potential agents in cancer therapy because of its pharmacological effect to promote differentiation and to inhibit proliferation of cancer cells. However, clinical trials are greatly hindered by the side effect of retinoic acid with pharmacological dose and limited knowledge of retinoic acid functionalizing exerted on entire cells. Here,...
Lab-on-chip technology has tremendous potential for point-of-care and in-field medical diagnostics, but the uptake of such technologies is hampered by the high cost and large size of the instrumentation conventionally required. In the present work we demonstrate an instrument that fully automates sample preparation, enzymatic digestion and electrophoresis to implement DNA sizing and restriction fragment...
Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose from biomass is potentially considered as a new approach for the next generation of biofuels for sustainable energy. However, because of the rigid and complex structure of cellulose, the low efficiency of the enzymatic hydrolysis has been deemed as the bottleneck in biorefining industry. The mechanism of enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose is not well understood due...
In the last years, advanced toxicological methods and new research approaches have been proposed to improve and refine safety assessment of nanomaterials. High-throughput technologies, molecular markers, molecular imaging, and other tools originated from advanced research in nanotoxicology offer an exciting opportunity to improve the efficacy and predictivity of toxicity testing for candidate nanomedicines...
A multiscale hierarchical lithium-ion battery (LIB) anode composed of Si shells coaxially coated on vertically aligned carbon nanofibers has been explored. A high Li storage capacity of ∼3,000–3,500 mAh (gSi)−1 and > 99% Coulombic efficiency have been obtained. Remarkable stability over 500 charge-discharge cycles have been demonstrated. Particularly, this electrode present a high-rate capability...
Transparent conductive films have become a ubiquitous component of electronic devices ranging from capacitive touch screens in smartphones, tablets, and larger display devices to transparent electrodes in organic light emitting diodes and photovoltaic cells. Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) is the most established transparent conductive film in the market, but has inherent drawbacks because it is a brittle...
Nanocomposite and nanolayered dielectrics provide new avenues to enhance the performance of RF and power components. They enable engineering of properties such as permeability, permittivity, frequency-and temperature-stability, and tunability, along with low loss, to miniaturize next-generation multiband RF modules that require higher functional density and improved performance. This paper demonstrates...
Protein encapsulated gold nanocluster (P-AuNC) synthesis was first demonstrated in 2009.[1] Initially these P-AuNCs were used as cellular imaging agents as the protein shell surrounding the AuNC made them highly biocompatible. However, recent studies have begun to show that these stabilizing proteins may also retain native biological function thus giving a dual functionality to these hybrid molecules...
In this paper, a numerical simulation of thermal transport at the nanoscale is developed by solving the phonon Boltzmann transport equation by the Monte Carlo method. A full phonon dispersion is used to determine accurately the vibrational frequencies and group velocities of all phonon modes. Simultaneous conservation of energy and momentum in anharmonic phonon-phonon scattering events in enabled...
A novel technique was presented for a cross-sectional imaging of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) by Scanning Electron Microscope - Computed Tomography (SEM-CT) using Environmental-SEM (E-SEM) for nanomanipulation applications. In our previous works, a nanorobotic manipulation system was established inside the E-SEM for water-contained samples including biological organism with a real-time high...
Probing nanostructures (e.g., nanoelectronics) requires accurate and precise nanopositioning. Furthermore, since measuring I–V data from DC to GHz typically takes more than a minute, little drift is tolerated during the data collection process. This paper reports a closed-loop controlled nanomanipulation system for operation inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The system consists of long...
In nanoindentation, the accuracy of obtained data is highly depended on the limitations of the system that the measurements are performed with. In this paper for the first time in the literature, we present a new nanoindentation approach with a system that eliminates the major problems encountered with standard AFM or nanoindentation systems. We present the superior properties of our system and also...
This paper presents a quantitative study of the patterning of graphene nanoplates using Atomic force microscopy (AFM) based nanolithography. Nanoscale trenches with controllable width and depth are created on graphene nanoplates by employing force-controlled nanomechanical cutting and voltage-controlled local anodic oxidation (LAO) technique, respectively. During the cutting process, the effect of...
We studied the growth of QDSLs (Quantum Dots Superlattices) made of Ti5Si3 quantum dots inside an “n” doped SiGe thin film matrix using a commercial Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) apparatus. To our knowledge, it is the first time these kinds of materials are produced. XRD, SEM and TEM images were employed to characterize the obtained materials. As predicted by the theory, the inclusion of these particles...
In this work we exploit the use of a new promising class of light harvesting materials, namely the hybrid organic halide perovskites (CH3NH3PbI3-xClx), for the fabrication of mesoscopic perovskite solar cells and series-connected monolithic perovskite module. To achieve this goal, important innovative procedures were implemented in order to define a reproducible fabrication path applicable also to...
Hematite has emerged as a good photocatalyst for efficient solar water splitting due to its favorable optical band gap (2.1–2.2 eV), extraordinary chemical stability in oxidative environment, abundance, and low cost. According to theoretical prediction, the solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of hematite can be 16.8% and the water splitting photocurrent can be 12.6 mA cm−2. However, the practical performance...
Solid propellants are used in various flight and underwater systems as well as in propulsion platforms. Micromachining, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and automatic dispensing of high-energy-density nanoenergetic materials are examined for current and next generation of application-specific flight and underwater platforms. The integrated MEMS-technology microthrusters with the optimized-by-design...
Nickel-zinc ferrite nanoparticles with compositions of NixZn1−xFe2O4, where x = 0.1 − 0.9, were synthesized using a water-based precipitation technique. These nanoparticles were then calcined at high temperature to improve crystallinity and were characterized to determine their magnetic and dielectric properties. After selecting the synthesized composition with the most favorable magnetodielectric...
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