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DAVINCI is one of five Discovery-class missions selected by NASA in October 2015 for Phase A studies. Launching in November 2021 and arriving at Venus in June of 2023, DAVINCI would be the first U.S. entry probe to target Venus' atmosphere in 45 years. DAVINCI is designed to study the chemical and isotopic composition of a complete cross-section of Venus' atmosphere at a level of detail that has not...
This paper proposes a novel star recognition method based on a mixed star pattern and multilayer self-organizing map (SOM) neural network. The mixed star pattern (leverages known data, rather than having to be trained on raw images) consists of k stars' normalized relative angular distance with the invariance of proportion and rotation and the information of the stars' magnitude comparison, which...
The Magnetospheric MultiScale (MMS) Mission utilizes the CCSDS File Delivery Protocol (CFDP) for transfer of stored science and engineering data from the flight segment to the ground segment. Despite extensive testing of the interface throughout the integration and test campaign, there was much to learn about the implementation of the function when it was put to the real test post launch. Realistic...
We are developing and deploying the capability to fly payloads, and later people, on high altitude balloon flights at altitudes up to 150 Kft, with flight times ranging from hours to weeks. Applications include research and education payloads for atmospheric science, astronomy, education, and other scientific pursuits, and commercial applications ranging from communications to remote sensing to defense,...
Lapan, Indonesian National Institute of Aeronautics and Space is responsible for the development of aeronautics and space technology. One of the milestones is the currently orbiting LAPAN-TUBsat, put into orbit with the help of other nation launch systems. So, LAPAN still depends on other countries to launch its satellite. Currently, a program on a conventional land base rocket delivery system is...
Missile Defense (MD) is a major technical and political issue facing the US and the rest of the world. Until the US began to develop a hit-to-kill system, there was no effective defense against an incoming Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) — so nations relied on Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD). This was indeed MAD, so President Reagan began to investigate alternate methods to protect against...
The Space Exploration Sector (SES) of the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) currently houses the Mission Operations Center (MOC) for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) New Horizons mission. In July 2015, New Horizons encountered Pluto. Prior to this encounter, APL had to prepare for its key role in this historic event by refining a number of its information...
The production of radioisotope power systems (RPS) has been an ongoing endeavor for the U.S. Department of Energy and its predecessor agencies for the past five decades. The overall mission of the RPS Program is to develop, demonstrate, and deliver compact, safe nuclear power systems and related technologies for use in remote, harsh environments (e.g., space) where more conventional electrical power...
Certification of new technologies is a challenge today because of the increasing complexity of systems often described as systems of systems. This increase often leads to the need for large amounts of data for statistical analysis of these systems. With this comes the need for improved methods for uncertainty quantification especially with regards to data efficiency. One statistical methodology which...
The presence of anisotropic turbulence statistics within the first meter from the ground surface has been known for decades from optical beam propagation experiments. We have carried over a number of measurements of a single lowest-order Gaussian He-Ne laser beam propagating close to the terrain. The experiments took place on the grounds of the University of Miami, FL over a grassy field in a variety...
In this work, we proposed a unique model and Graphic User Interface (GUI) to measure the sensor accuracy with different accuracy regions for aerospace applications. Sometimes the measurement region for the sensor is a wide range, and the sensor might have higher accuracy in different regions. In other words, the accuracy values are not uniform for the entire range. In this work we developed a Matlab...
Building on previous results that demonstrate the ability of star trackers and sun sensors to provide navigational data for rovers, we expand on this work and study the implementation. Mounting a star tracker, inclinometer, and GPS unit (used only for accurate timing and comparative truth) to a mobile rover, we test this system's ability to determine global position without prior knowledge. In this...
The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab (JHU/APL) has developed a flight qualified, hermetically sealed, I/Q modulator Ka-band Multi-chip Module (MCM). Prototypes of this device have been developed over the years, but Solar Probe Plus (SPP) will be the first mission to use a flight qualified version of the MCM. This MCM enables a first for a deep-space mission: primary science data downlink...
This paper addresses the control allocation problem for an over-actuated system with a nonlinear relation between the control inputs and the realized force and torque vectors. Specifically, we consider a multi-engine rocket example where the attained force and torque vectors are nonlinear functions of the thrust magnitudes and engine gimbal angles. Since the system is over-actuated, the surface defining...
The OpenOrbiter I spacecraft is a technology demonstrator for a very low-cost CubeSat bus and set of core subsystems. Using primarily commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) parts, the Open Prototype for Educational NanoSats (OPEN) is a set of designs and documentation that educational institutions, businesses and others world-wide can use to make a satellite with a parts cost of under $2,000. The OpenOrbiter...
The Hosted Payload Office (HPO) in the Advanced Systems and Development Directorate (AD) at the Space and Missile Systems Center (SMC), is designing, developing and fielding the Air Force's first Low Earth Orbit (LEO) commercially hosted payload constellation. Satellite operations are potentially impacted by space weather hazards such as Single Event Effects (SEE), radiation dose effects, and deep...
This paper presents the implementation of an new architecture based on majority voting decision. The architecture is composed by four cots at least four ARM-M4 processors operating simultaneously and communicating via CAN-bus. The proposal is that all processors runs the exact same software without using the concept of master and slave. To run in this mode, each processor has to only know its own...
This paper provides a concept for an evolution of NASA's optical communications near Earth relay architecture. NASA's Laser Communications Relay Demonstration (LCRD), a joint project between NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), the Jet Propulsion Laboratory — California Institute of Technology (JPL), and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory (MIT LL). LCRD will provide...
In this paper, a low-cost balloon observation system is proposed for sustained (week-long), broadly distributed, in-situ measurements of hurricane development. The high-quality, high-density (in both space and time) measurements to be made available by such a system should be instrumental in significantly improving our ability to forecast such extreme and dangerous atmospheric events. The present...
Ultra Wide-Band (UWB) Antennas offer large frequency bandwidth which is beneficial for various wireless communication standards. In UWB antenna systems, the transformation from input impedance to impedance of the free space is very crucial. Hence, this paper presents a distinctive impedance coupling technique known as Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) to feed the antenna. This helps in achieving low dispersion,...
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