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Given the growing demand for energy and the diversification of its sources, electric utilities have seen the need to incorporate distributed generation in their systems in order to minimize energy losses and raise quality indicators. In this context, it is important to have mathematical tools to assist the management of energy exchange between all players in an electrical system (customers, generators,...
Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) have rapidly become a topic of international interest as governments have sponsored their deployment for the purposes of utility service reliability and efficiency, e.g., water and electricity conservation. Two problems plague such deployments. First is the protection of consumer privacy. Second is the problem of huge amounts of data from such deployments. A...
Geothermal energy has not been fully exploited in the Ecuadorian context because there are not many studies in this area. This renewable energy presents as a good alternative due its low operative-maintenance cost, and continuous operation. This work describes the main features of geothermal energy and its residential applications. In Ecuador, the Ministry of Electricity and Renewable Energy has identified...
This paper presents an analysis of the optimal transmission switching problem. Previous works have reported that opening a transmission line may result in the improvement of the economical operation of the electrical power system. On the other hand, experimental tests have shown that solutions provided by optimization techniques require the disconnection of a relatively large number of lines. In this...
The implementation of the substation automation system of the 69 kV S/S Azogues 2 was conceived as a multi-vendor IEC 61850 solution using equipment from different manufacturers. Unexpectedly, the integration that should have been relatively easy became a complicated task and it was shown during the execution of the project that the IEC 61850 standard is not applied equally by all the vendors causing...
This paper presents a methodology for detecting single-phase fault in medium voltage distribution systems using neural network. The impact of diverse types of neural network topologies and different inputs in the performance of the fault detection is assessed. The entries of the neural network are the electrical parameters of voltage and current, which could be phasor and / or non-phasor measurements...
The emergence of microgrids (MGs) connected in electrical systems is growing steadily, a fact that is making the utilities evaluate the various influencing aspects of the operation of microgrids. On the other hand, the breakthrough of new technologies in the field of electric energy storage makes possible its incorporation into power systems. The characteristics of these energy storages offer a great...
Electricity tariffs are traditionally associated with the cost of active power, whereas reactive power prices are neglected. However, the efficiency and power quality of distribution systems increase if reactive power rates are explicitly modeled. This paper proposes a practical, simple, and transparent reactive power pricing mechanism based on the change of apparent power due to reactive power injection...
The Ecuadorian electricity sector is a strategic area of the country, whose general objective is to Generate, Transmit, Distribute and Commercialize electrical energy. In 2009, the Ministry of Electricity and Renewable Energy (MEER) and the Electric Utilities of Ecuador signed an agreement for institutional cooperation to strengthen the electricity distribution sector with the objective of achieving...
The use of electric vehicles in urban zones is an alternative to reduce the emission of gases that enhance the greenhouse effect. For promoting and encouraging this use, charging stations should be built due to the low autonomy of electric vehicles. Therefore, it is necessary to allocate these stations throughout the city, which will increase the load demand in the distribution system. In order to...
In this paper groups of coherent generators are identified based on a correlation metric. The main contribution is related to the rapid, simple, and reliable identification of coherent generators, which may be aggregated in order to constitute equivalent generators, thus reducing the dimensionality of the original model. Different levels of aggregation may be attained and results demonstrate the proposal's...
The Transmission Expansion Planning (TEP) is still a highly complex, combinatorial, non-linear and non-convex problem, where more accurate models and more efficient optimization tools are needed. The purpose of this work is to solve the static Transmission Expansion Planning (TEP) problem through the Biogeography Based Optimization (BBO) technique using an AC model, for the simultaneous expansion...
The risk assessment approach is useful for monitoring and supervisory control because it provides distribution operator with the capability to quantify the tradeoff between reliability and economic performance. The risk assessment determines the likelihood of something going wrong in a distribution network through the failure probability metric. To deal with the massive variety of information required...
This paper presents an impact study of the incorporation of station charging for electrical vehicle level 2 on the network. A charging station with these characteristics was modeled and integrated into a sector of the electric power distribution system corresponding to the historic center of Cuenca. For simulation purposes, Psim® simulation software was used. Several charging scenarios are presented...
The increasing levels of Variable Renewable Energies (VRE) require additional levels of flexibility in present power systems due to their intermittency and the resulting needs of reserve for increasing/reducing the generation with enough speed to maintain the system balance. In this context, the traditional long-term hydrothermal optimal dispatch models are not sufficient to adequately represent this...
This paper proposes an adaptive algorithm for non-pilot distance protection of power transmission systems. The proposed adaptive method compensates the infeed effect by estimating its current based on the short-circuit capacity. The performance analysis of the proposed technique was made from simulations in a 230 kV Brazilian transmission line using ATP/ETMP software. The adaptive technique was implemented...
The authors solve the problem of effective use of renewable energy sources for autonomous electric consumers. A new device for coupling heterogeneous energy sources has been developed. The universal coupling device (UCD) allows to connect diverse AC and DC sources to a 220/380VAC consumer. A 30 kVA UCD prototype is created. The article gives a UCD brief description and presents the results of the...
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