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Objective
This study aimed to estimate trends in cardiovascular disease risk factors by BMI category among adults in England (n = 115,860).
Methods
Risk factors included cigarette smoking, hypertension, total diabetes, and raised total cholesterol. Risk factor prevalence was computed in the following four 4‐year time periods: 2003‐2006; 2007‐2010; 2011‐2014; and 2015‐2018. Change was computed as...
Objective
Obesity is a major risk factor that increases morbidity and mortality upon infection. Although type I and type III interferon (IFN)‐induced innate immune responses represent the first line of defense against viral infections, their functionality in the context of metabolic disorders remains largely obscure. This study aimed to investigate IFN responses upon respiratory viral infection in...
This paper reviews the main findings from the Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) Trial, a randomized trial testing the long‐term health effects of intensive lifestyle interventions (ILIs) in 5,145 persons with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes. Although the primary outcome originally focused on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, secondary outcomes included a broad range of health...
Objective
Classifying adiposity based on dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) muscle and fat mass phenotypes has been proposed. Whether these phenotypes are more accurate in predicting cardiometabolic risk than BMI weight status is unknown.
Methods
Data were from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES; 1999‐2006 cycles, n = 5,475). Weight status was defined by BMI. Phenotypes...
Objective
Adipose tissue (AT) senescence is associated with AT dysfunction in rodents, but little is known about human AT senescence. The study goal was to define the distribution of senescent cells in two subcutaneous depots and understand relationships with adiposity and inflammation.
Methods
Sixty‐three volunteers (48 females) underwent abdominal and femoral subcutaneous fat biopsies. Fat cell...
Objective
The Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) study previously reported that intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) reduced incident depressive symptoms and improved health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) over nearly 10 years of intervention compared with a control group (the diabetes support and education group [DSE]) in participants with type 2 diabetes and overweight or obesity. The...
Objective
This study assessed the relationship between urbanization and the double burden of malnutrition (DBM) in Peru.
Methods
A cross‐sectional analysis of the Demographic and Health Survey (2009 to 2016) was conducted. A DBM “case” comprised a child with undernutrition and a mother with overweight/obesity. For urbanization, three indicators were used: an eight‐category variable based on district‐level...
Objective
Sleep disturbances have been recognized as a risk factor for obesity. This study used polysomnography records to investigate associations between sleep fragmentation and obesity.
Methods
Objectively measured sleep fragmentation data recorded by in‐home polysomnography, including total arousal index (ArI‐total), ArI in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (ArI‐REM), ArI in non‐REM sleep (ArI‐NREM),...
Objective
The purpose of this study was to determine whether patients who discuss bariatric surgery with their providers are more likely to undergo the procedure and to lose weight.
Methods
A retrospective cohort study of adults with BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 treated between 2000 and 2015 was conducted to analyze the relationship between a discussion of bariatric surgery in the first year after study entry...
Objective
Extracts of Artemisiascoparia (SCO) have antidiabetic properties in mice and enhance adipogenesis in vitro, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Thiazolidinediones, including rosiglitazone (ROSI), are pharmacological activators of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma that also promote adipogenesis. The aim of this study was to examine adipogenic pathways responsible for...
Objective
Basal ganglia regions are part of the brain’s reward‐processing networks and are implicated in the neurobiology of obesity and eating disorders. This study examines basal ganglia microstructural properties in adults with and without obesity.
Methods
Diffusion basis spectrum imaging (DBSI) images were analyzed to obtain putative imaging markers of neuroinflammation. Relationships between...
Objective
The aim of this study was to examine whether higher skeletal muscle mass is associated with a metabolically healthy phenotype and whether muscle quality affects metabolic health.
Methods
This cross‐sectional analysis included 20,659 participants (7,966 women) who underwent abdominal computed tomography scans during health checkups. The total abdominal muscle area (TAMA) on the third lumbar...
Bariatric surgery has been shown to improve cognition in patients with severe obesity. Bariatric surgery may improve mental function in patient populations with obesity and with cognitive impairment, including nonacquired, dementia, and traumatic brain injury, although studies have been limited. Bariatric surgery provides an opportunity to explore the effects of obesity, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemias,...
Objective
Spin, i.e., the misrepresentation of research findings, has the potential to affect patient care. Evidence suggests that spin is prevalent in obesity randomized controlled trials. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to evaluate spin in abstracts of systematic reviews covering obesity treatments.
Methods
MEDLINE and Embase were searched to retrieve systematic reviews on...
Objective
This review synthesizes literature on changes in binge eating (BE) and loss of control eating (LOC) following weight loss and the association between BE/LOC and weight loss in children and adolescents.
Methods
A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and PsycInfo. Eligible studies included all peer‐reviewed journal articles of primary research that assessed BE/LOC...
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