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Objective
Childhood obesity prevention has been identified as a key strategy to address the obesity crisis, with considerable investment by governments internationally. This study modeled the implications of entering adulthood at a lower or higher BMI (a consequence of changes in childhood obesity) and modeled how this would influence future numbers of adults with obesity in Australia.
Methods...
Objective
In contrast to intentionally restricting energy intake, restricting the eating window may be an option for treating obesity. By comparing time‐restricted eating (TRE) with an unrestricted (non‐TRE) control, it was hypothesized that TRE facilitates weight loss, alters body composition, and improves metabolic measures.
Methods
Participants (17 women and 3 men; mean [SD]: 45.5 [12.1] years;...
Objective
This study evaluated weight changes after cessation of the 10‐year intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) in the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) study. It was hypothesized that ILI participants would be more likely to gain weight during the 2‐year observational period following termination of weight‐loss–maintenance counseling than would participants in the diabetes support and...
Objective
Carbon monoxide (CO) may counteract obesity and metabolic dysfunction in rodents consuming high‐fat diets, but the skeletal effects are not understood. This study investigated whether low‐dose inhaled CO (250 ppm) with or without moderate intensity aerobic exercise (3 h/wk) would limit diet‐induced obesity and metabolic dysregulation and preserve bone health.
Methods
Obesity‐resistant...
Objective
The aim of this study was to explore the dose response of licogliflozin, a dual inhibitor of sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) and 2 (SGLT2), by evaluating change in body weight in adults with overweight or obesity.
Methods
This dose‐response analysis evaluated change in body weight following 24 weeks with four once‐daily and twice‐daily licogliflozin doses (2.5‐150 mg) versus placebo...
Objective
This study aimed to examine the associations of maternal early‐pregnancy glucose and insulin concentrations with offspring cardiometabolic risk factors and fat distribution.
Methods
In a population‐based prospective cohort study among 3,737 mothers and their children, random maternal glucose and insulin concentrations were measured at a median gestational age of 13.2 (95% range 10.5‐17...
Objective
Arsenic is an endocrine‐disrupting chemical associated with diabetes risk. Increased adiposity is a significant risk factor for diabetes and its comorbidities. Here, the impact of chronic arsenic exposure on adiposity and metabolic health was assessed in mice.
Methods
Male C57BL/6J mice were provided ad libitum access to a normal or high‐fat diet and water +/− 50 mg/L of sodium arsenite...
Objective
While changes in diet often result in short‐term weight loss, weight loss is not typically maintained. It remains unclear why long‐term weight loss is so difficult. It was hypothesized that obesity produces persistent changes in behavior that bias animals toward weight regain after weight loss.
Methods
Mice were induced to gain weight with a high‐fat diet for 6 weeks and then induced...
Objective
This study aimed to determine whether different measures of habitual physical activity (PA) at baseline predict weight change, weight compensation, and changes in energy intake (EI) during a 24‐week supervised aerobic exercise intervention.
Methods
Data from 108 participants (78 women; 48.7 [SD: 11.6] years; BMI 31.4 [SD: 4.6] kg/m2), randomly assigned to either the moderate‐dose exercise...
Objective
Racial differences in BMI increase with education. Weight perception may be an important factor in overweight and obesity in black women. The aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of weight underassessment on race differences in BMI in college graduates compared with non–college graduates.
Methods
Weight perception was assessed among respondents to the 2007‐2014 National...
Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in six anthropometric measurements of people born during and immediately after the 1959 to 1961 Great Chinese Famine using a regression discontinuity approach.
Methods
Data were drawn from the baseline of the China Kadoorie Biobank study, and a subset of data from 76,912 participants was analyzed. We performed regression discontinuity...
Objective
This study aimed to test the hypothesis that young adults with obesity and cold‐activated brown adipose tissue (BAT) are less likely to have metabolic dysfunction (dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and hypertension) than those without cold‐activated BAT. Previous studies have noted a potentially protective effect of BAT and higher adiponectin/leptin ratios, but they have acknowledged that...
Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate whether baseline (pre–weight loss) metabolic variables can predict weight regain.
Methods
About 117 women with overweight completed a weight loss program to achieve BMI < 25 kg/m2 and were followed for 2 years. Resting metabolic rate, respiratory quotient, insulin sensitivity, and serum leptin concentration were measured pre–weight loss, while...
Objective
The aim of this study was to describe the age‐ and gender‐specific incidence of depression, the dose‐response relationship between BMI and risk of depression (Cox proportional hazards), and antidepressant drug prescribing in adults with overweight or obesity.
Methods
A retrospective electronic health record study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink was conducted to identify...
Objective
This study aimed to assess the relationship between dopamine, a neurotransmitter involved in feeding behavior, and ad libitum energy intake in humans.
Methods
Healthy individuals (n = 158; 72 Native American, 50 white, 18 black, and 18 Hispanic participants; BMI: 33 [SD 9] kg/m2; body fat: 33% [SD 9%]) were admitted for two inpatient studies investigating the determinants of ad libitum...
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