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Electric vehicles mainly work in urban conditions. Due to frequent acceleration and deceleration, the driving and braking torques vary in a large range as well as the motor efficiency. Distributed drive electric vehicles allow for an independent and accurate torque control of each wheel. Based on that, a novel driving and regenerative braking regulation (DRBR) with respect to energy-saving is developed...
Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR) has become more and more powerful tool to model and control the multi-physical systems. In literature, the well-known "magic formula" of Pacejka seems to be not adequately presented in EMR due to the conflict of energy balance. In this paper, the authors propose an EMR of tire-road interaction using Pacejka's model. The advantage of the proposed...
A typical feature of city tram transportation is increasing its effectivity. The main effort of public transportation companies is seeking savings for decreasing the energy intensity of mass transit. During operative measurement of power consumption in the tram cars it was found that on the whole the tram energy consumption have well-known influences such as tram occupancy, use of heating etc., and...
This paper describes the implementation of sensor-less hill-assist control system in electric Light Commercial Vehicle (LCV). In manual transmission vehicles without hill-assist, the restart at the slope can be done through skilled clutch control. For the vehicles not having clutch (auto transmission or fixed gear electric vehicles), the restart of the vehicle at hill is not possible with driver skills...
The paper is about the development of a data acquisition system embedded within a vehicles equipped with OBD H interface. The system is coupled to a GPS allowing tracking both engine data and vehicle speed and position along a driving path. Several track records are achieved, among them, a urban and a suburban driving path are presented. Their data are analysed in order to show engine behaviour and...
Electric vehicle (EV) powertrain dynamics and steady state parameters can only be acquired in controlled test conditions, what is not possible to obtain experimentally in real road traffic. This paper presents a test bench designed for modelling purposes of small EVs such as ISRobotCar [2]. The EV powertrain was tested to acquire the motor power driver, motor, gearbox and tire efficiencies. The experimental...
Most hybrid electric vehicles employ a Retarder braking system or a regenerative braking system to provide enhanced braking performance and energy regeneration. The electro-mechanical braking system studied in this paper is composed of a mechanical brake, an eddy current brake and a regenerative braking system. This paper investigates the optimal parameter matching for the electro-mechanical braking...
Electric vehicles (EVs) have become a world-widely recognized solution for future green transportation. However, the mileage per charge of EVs is short compared with that of internal combustion engine vehicles. In this paper, a maximization method of regenerative energy is proposed. The method optimizes the velocity trajectory and distribution ratio of front and rear braking force using calculus of...
In this study, a slip control algorithm using motor torque control during the braking of the in-wheel electric vehicle was proposed and an anti-lock brake system (ABS) simulator was developed on the basis of the test results for electro-hydraulic ABS. The slip control algorithm using motor torque control limits the in-wheel motor torque according to road friction coefficient and slip ratio while the...
This paper proposes a novel traction control for a front-wheel drive in-wheel motor electric vehicle. The presented vehicle has advantages on high fuel efficiency and cost effectiveness. In order to achieve specific control performance, this study employed a high speed microcontroller as the vehicle's electronic control unit. The anti-skid function based on a reliable traction control kernel is embedded...
A simple electronic differential for electric kart with separately driven rear wheels is analysed. A kart model for electronic differential implementation has been developed. The performance of the elaborated differential has been tested using simulation in MatLab Simulink.
In the last years, because of pollution consequences within large urban areas, a growing interest appears in electric (EV) and hybrid vehicles (HEV) use. It demands for an efficient, reliable and economical motors and drives for electrical propulsion. A special research interest consists in searching and selecting for a suitable traction motor considering the vehicle architecture and dynamics. This...
A vehicle stability control approach for four-wheel independently actuated (4WIA) electric vehicles is presented. The proposed control method consists of a higher-level controller and a lower-level controller. Due to the possible modeling error and parametric uncertainties, an adaptive control based higher-level controller is designed to yield the vehicle virtual control efforts. The lower-level controller...
One of the most important environmental problems in large cities is the vehicular emission. Electric Vehicles (EVs) are a growing alternative for internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. Since this kind of vehicle has low autonomy yet, it is important to optimize energy consumption, for instance by planning a suitable infrastructure of battery recharge and/or battery-switch stations. This paper...
High speed maglev maintenance vehicle (MMV) is propelled by multiple in-wheel-induction-motors drive system (IWIM). This paper analyses the characteristics of multiple IWIM drive system for MMV. An electromechanical simulation platform is developed in our Lab. Adaptive flux observer is applied to provide speed sensor-less vector control for multiple IWIM drive system. The influences of different wheel...
In order to develop the deep-underground GTX in Korea, the specification decision and development of the traction control system (including inverter and traction motor), which consider a variety of route condition, must be advanced. Therefore, authors study the running resistance properties of a high-speed traction system by the variety of the tunnel type and the vehicle organization method at first...
In this paper, a new type vehicle with four wheel independent steering (4WIS) and four wheel independent driving (4WID) travelling mechanism is designed. Under careful analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of both the mechanical and electrical features, the design of platform is discussed. Besides, a corresponding control structure is addressed. Under the Co-simulation using ADAMS and MATLAB/Simulink,...
Researches on the steering regenerative brake torque control of dual-motor drive for electric tracked vehicle. Steering dynamic model of tracked vehicle was made up, steering regenerative brake torque control strategy of induction motor based on rotor flux oriented and complex speed-torque control method of steering regenerative braking of dual-motor were proposed, and energy feedback produced by...
This work presents the modeling of the dynamics of an electric vehicle (EV). Then, by using a typical driving cycle, the parameters for the motor drive system and other drive train components are determined. The proposed drive system is based on an induction motor being supplied by a 3-level NPC inverter. The speed control is based on a constant V/Hz strategy while the inverter is commanded by a Sinusoidal...
The motion stability of a vehicle depends on yaw-rate and side-slip angle. These two variables affect each other, and therefore, we performed decoupling control of yaw-rate and side-slip angle of an electric vehicle (EV) with active steering and torque difference between left and right in-wheel motors. However, the robustness of decoupling control is fragile for road condition. Hence, we propose lateral...
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