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To reduce conservative timing margin, many timing-error detection techniques by monitoring selected critical paths had been proposed. However, traditional adaptive methods incur significant area overheads and cannot prevent the error that is forming in the current clock cycle. In this paper, a low-overhead Transition-Detector (TD) with a 9-transistor current sensing circuit is proposed. TDs are inserted...
Silicon PMTs revolutionized the High Energy Physics instrumentation, first for the Calorimeters. Exploiting the Silicon PM technology and beyond, their pixel structure and avalanche regime, leads to novel tracking techniques, either applied to large area tracking systems or digital 3D avalanche pixel devices.
This paper presents a timing error masking-aware ARM Cortex M0 microcontroller system. Timing errors are detected through a timing error detection strategy, consisting of a soft edge flip-flop combined with a transition detector and an error latch. The time borrowing realized through soft edge flip-flops allows data to propagate after the clock edge (timing error masking). Thus operation at the point-of-first-failure...
A method to determine the orientation and speed of a gravitational wave is described based on a coordinate system that is oriented along the inter-detector unit vectors across a network of detectors that successively detected the wave in time. A set of normalized wave propagation constraints are determined for the successive wave traversal events through the detectors based on the time of arrival...
Keystroke dynamics is one of the authentication mechanisms which uses natural typing pattern of a user for identification. In this work, we introduced Dependence Clustering based approach to user authentication using keystroke dynamics. In addition, we applied a k-NN-based approach that demonstrated strong results. Most of the existing approaches use only genuine users data for training and validation...
The experimental results acquired on avalanche photodiodes based on III-V semiconductor materials and operated as single photon counters with picosecond timing resolution are reported. The semiconductor structures fabricated on the basis of GaAs, GaP and GaAsP have been operated in a Geiger mode and employed in a photon counting experiment at the wavelengths from near ultraviolet to near infrared...
We present a portable 64-channel photon-counting system employing a monolithic array of Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) and a custom-designed Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC), for single-photon counting and timing applications. The system provides state-of-art singlephoton detection performance and time-resolved measurement capability, with timing precision down to 100 ps FWHM and linearity...
This work studies communication over diffusion- based molecular timing (DBMT) channels. The transmitter {\em simultaneously} releases {\em multiple} small information particles, where the information is encoded in the time of release. The receiver decodes the transmitted information based on the random time of arrival of the information particles, which is represented as an additive noise channel...
The Silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) becomes a choice of photon sensors for advanced radiation detector development. However, reading out large-scale SiPM arrays is still a fundamental technical obstacle. We present a new method (named π-PET electronics) to address this issue. Very different from conventional front-end electronics design, the key innovation of the new electronics is to include almost...
A mixed-mode ASIC, TIGER (Turin Integrated Gem Electronics for Readout), optimized for the readout of the cylindrical GEM detector of the BESIII experiment is presented. The chip consists of 64 analog front-ends, each featuring a charge-sensitive amplifier followed by a dual-shaper. A low-power TDC and a 10 bit Wilkinson ADC with de-randomizing buffers allow to measure both the time-of-arrival of...
Demand for time resolved experiments, of which the time information related to the detected events is an essential requirement, is rapidly increasing in synchrotron research experiments. Timepix3 is a read-out chip for pixelated detectors that places a time stamp to every detected event with a nominal resolution of 1.5625 ns and provides a measure of the energy of the same event by the Time over Threshold...
A novel single-ended-readout depth-of-interaction (DOI) detector is proposed for application in positron emission tomography (PET). The crystal unit of this detector is formed by a transform of the crystal unit of a dual-ended readout detector, which is constructed from a LYSO scintillator pillar segmented using sub-surface laser engraving (SSLE). Specifically, two scintillator pillars are coupled...
We are developing a PET detector capable of measuring both time-of-fight (TOF) and depth-of-interaction (DOI) with a goal to improve resulting image quality and accuracy. Phoswich designs have been realized in PET detectors to measure DOI for more than a decade. However, PET detectors based on phoswich designs put great demand on the readout circuit, which has to differentiate the pulse shape produced...
The data acquisition system for a highly granular Analogue Hadron Calorimeter (AHCAL) for the future International Linear Collider (ILC) will be presented. The developed DAQ chain has several stages of aggregation and scales up to 4 million channels in the main barrel foreseen for the AHCAL design. The front-end electronics will be embedded in the detector layers in between absorber plates without...
The High Granularity Calorimeter (HGCAL) is the technology choice of the CMS collaboration for the endcap calorimetry upgrade planned to cope with the harsh radiation and unprecedented in-time event pileup projected at the High Luminosity-LHC era. In this context, profiting from fast-timing information with a resolution of a few tens of picoseconds embedded in the calorimeter would represent a unique...
We present a system for reading out signals from an array of 8 superconducting single photon detectors, which implements a high-performance architecture of multi-channel TDC in programmable logic with resolution guaranteed below 22 ps referred to each single channel. Each one of the 8 channels of the system consists of a detector, an analog conditioning stage, a comparator, and one channel of the...
Until recently a photomultiplier tube (PMT) was the only viable option for photon detection on μSR instruments [1]. A PMT is well suited to this application, as it offers fast rise time, small dead-time (∼15ns) and an excellent spectral match to the scintillator emission. They are also low-noise devices and are relatively inexpensive. However, the PMT has certain limitations, such as a strong sensitivity...
Relying on the single-end scintillation light detection for PET detectors based on continuous crystal, the annihilation photon interaction position inside of crystal can be determined by our 3D maximum likelihood position estimation algorithm, which provides a possibility to investigate the correlation between the time walk and interaction position to optimize the detector timing performance. Measurements...
PET systems are widely used in clinical and preclinical molecular imaging applications. Various PET systems, including whole-body human and small animal PET, and dedicated systems such as breast and brain PET have been developed. A Standardized PET detector module with good performance will make it much easier and more efficient for different kind of PET scanner instrumentation. In this paper, we...
In PET detector designs, high sensitivity is a critical performance parameter required for obtaining images with reasonable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The sensitivity of a PET scanner is primarily determined by the efficiency of detection system (e.g. crystal thickness and solid angle coverage), but could be enhanced by distinguishing and recovering inter-crystal Compton scattering events while...
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