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Mobile traffic is growing exponentially, with video expected to reach 75% of the total network traffic by 2020. The dense deployment of small cell networks (SCN) in outdoor urban areas has been widely accepted as a solution to the capacity and coverage problems on access networks. However, backhauling the traffic to the core network is one of the major challenges faced by network operators. Millimeter...
Reduction of carbon footprints and energy bills in communication networks has become of paramount importance as ultra-dense-networks (UDN) are being deployed to cater for the unprecedented growth in network traffic. While energy consumption of macro base station (MBS) backhaul links has been estimated to be less than 5% of total network consumption, the value is expected to rise to 50% with the creation...
Dense deployment of Small Cell Access Networks (SCAN) at street level has generally been accepted as a solution to improve capacity, coverage and reduce operational expenses in 5G access networks. This deployment strategy necessitates new cost-effective, high capacity, scalable and flexible backhaul solutions especially in urban environments where traditional solutions, such as fiber and Digital Subscriber...
The dense deployment of low cost small cell access networks in urban areas has generally been accepted as a solution to the capacity and coverage problem in 5G access networks. This deployment strategy has however, resulted in the need for high capacity, low cost backhaul systems. Millimeter-wave (mmW) technologies with inherent Gbps capacity are currently being considered as possible solutions. However,...
The deployment of small cells to address capacity and coverage problems in urban environments has resulted in the need for high capacity short range backhaul systems. In this paper, a NLOS small cell backhaul system based on diffracted signals, operating mmW technology is proposed. An analysis of diffraction loss using the Single Knife Edge diffraction model for mmW frequencies is presented. The results...
The emergence of the Internet Protocol (IP) has resulted in the evolution of telecommunication networks to All-IP technologies known as Next Generation Networks (NGN). These networks consist of heterogeneous network technologies that are interconnected to provide end-to-end services to customers. This network evolution has been accompanied by the emergence of broadband real-time applications. End-to-end...
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