Search results for: Thomas L. Eberhardt

Items from 1 to 20 out of 20 results

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Preparation of an oxyalkylated lignin‐g‐polylactic acid copolymer to improve the compatibility of an organosolv lignin in blended poly(lactic acid) films

Qiang Gu, Thomas L. Eberhardt, Jingjing Shao, Hui Pan

Journal of Applied Polymer Science > 139 > 16 > n/a - n/a

To improve the compatibility of an organosolv lignin (OL) in polylactic acid (PLA) blends, a green approach was pursued whereby the lignin was modified with propylene carbonate (PC) to increase its aliphatic hydroxyl content, and thereby, its reactivity. The oxyalkylated organosolv lignin (OOL, synthesized at 170°C) was analyzed by quantitative ³¹P NMR and showed the number of phenolic hydroxyls decreased...

article

Quantifying knots by image analysis and modeling their effects on the mechanical properties of loblolly pine lumber

Stephen Wright, Joseph Dahlen, Cristian Montes, Thomas L. Eberhardt

European Journal of Wood and Wood Products > 2019 > 77 > 5 > 903-917

Automated grading machines that quantify knots are increasingly deployed by lumber mills, however their use in mill studies that assess lumber quality have been limited. The objective here was to develop a method to evaluate the knots of loblolly pine lumber using image analysis and to develop models to predict modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) from 171 pieces of dimension lumber...

article

Regional calibration models for predicting loblolly pine tracheid properties using near-infrared spectroscopy

Mohamad Nabavi, Joseph Dahlen, Laurence Schimleck, Thomas L. Eberhardt, more

Wood Science and Technology > 2018 > 52 > 2 > 445-463

This study developed regional calibration models for the prediction of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) tracheid properties using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. A total of 1842 pith-to-bark radial strips, aged 19–31 years, were acquired from 268 trees from 109 stands across the southeastern USA. Diffuse reflectance NIR spectra were collected at 10-mm increments from the radial face of pith-to-bark strips...

article

FTIR-based models for assessment of mass yield and biofuel properties of torrefied wood

Chi-Leung So, Thomas L. Eberhardt

Wood Science and Technology > 2018 > 52 > 1 > 209-227

Biofuel properties can be improved through torrefaction, whereby the biomass is treated with moderately elevated temperatures (200–300 °C) under conditions that are essentially anaerobic and at atmospheric pressure. Varying the torrefaction conditions of temperature and treatment duration, as well as any feedstock pretreatments (drying, grinding), can generate products having varying degrees of thermal...

article

Acoustic evaluation of loblolly pine tree- and lumber-length logs allows for segregation of lumber modulus of elasticity, not for modulus of rupture

Mark Alexander Butler, Joseph Dahlen, Thomas L. Eberhardt, Cristian Montes, more

Annals of Forest Science > 2017 > 74 > 1 > 1-15

Key message Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) logs can be evaluated using acoustic velocity whereby threshold acoustic velocity values can be set to ensure lumber meets specified mechanical property design values for modulus of elasticity. Context There is a need to better sort logs according to lumber quality for improved decision making and wood utilization because merchantable logs are being harvested...

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Bending strength and stiffness of loblolly pine lumber from intensively managed stands located on the Georgia Lower Coastal Plain

Mark Alexander Butler, Joseph Dahlen, Richard F. Daniels, Thomas L. Eberhardt, more

Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff > 2016 > 74 > 1 > 91-100

Loblolly pine is increasingly grown on intensively managed plantation forests that yield excellent growth; however, lumber cut from these trees often contains a large percentage of juvenile wood which negatively impacts strength and stiffness. Because of changing forest management and mill practices the design values for visually graded southern pine were updated in 2013 to more accurately account...

article

Effects of long-term elevated CO₂ treatment on the inner and outer bark chemistry of sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) trees

Thomas L. Eberhardt, Nicole Labbé, Chi-Leung So, Keonhee Kim, more

Trees > 2015 > 29 > 6 > 1735-1747

Key message Long-term exposure of sweetgum trees to elevated atmospheric CO ₂ concentrations significantly shifted inner bark (phloem) and outer bark (rhytidome) chemical compositions, having implications for both defense and nutrient cycling. Abstract Changes in plant tissue chemistry due to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentrations have direct implications for tissue resistance...

article

Collection of wood quality data by X-ray densitometry: a case study with three southern pines

Thomas L. Eberhardt, Lisa J. Samuelson

Wood Science and Technology > 2015 > 49 > 4 > 739-753

X-ray densitometry is a technique often used in tree growth and wood quality studies to incrementally measure density (specific gravity) along a radial strip of wood. Protocols for this technique vary between laboratories because of differences in species, equipment, tree age, and other factors. Here, the application of X-ray densitometry is discussed in terms of a case study specific to the southern...

article

Relationships between climate, radial growth and wood properties of mature loblolly pine in Hawaii and a northern and southern site in the southeastern United States

Lisa J. Samuelson, Thomas L. Eberhardt, Stan M. Bartkowiak, Kurt H. Johnsen

Forest Ecology and Management > 2013 > 310 > Complete > 786-795

Production rates of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) in favorable exotic environments indicate that full biological expression of growth potential in loblolly pine has not yet been attained in its native range. In previous work, high productivity in a loblolly pine plantation in Hawaii (HI) was hypothesized to be related to a more favorable climate conducive to year round carbon gain. To better understand...

article

Analysis of the fly ash from the processing of wood chips in a pilot-scale downdraft gasifier: Comparison of inorganic constituents determined by PIXE and ICP-AES

Thomas L. Eberhardt, Hui Pan

Biomass and Bioenergy > 2013 > 51 > Complete > 163-168

Gasification of biomass ultimately generates at least one solid byproduct in which the inorganic constituents of the biomass are concentrated. Given the potential for utilization, or issues with disposal, facile methods are needed for determining the compositions of the fly ashes from recently-available gasifier-based bioenergy systems. Proton induced x-ray emission spectroscopy (PIXE) and inductively...

article

A mid-IR multivariate analysis study on the gross calorific value in longleaf pine: impact on correlations with lignin and extractive contents

Chi-Leung So, Thomas L. Eberhardt

Wood Science and Technology > 2013 > 47 > 5 > 993-1003

Twenty 70-year-old longleaf pine trees from a spacing, thinning, and pruning study were harvested, from which samples were analyzed for gross calorific value (GCV). A strong correlation was found between GCV and extractive contents for the unextracted wood samples. Although lignin content should impact GCV, no correlation was found between the variation in GCV with lignin content for the extractive-free...

article

Elemental analyses of chars isolated from a biomass gasifier fly ash

Thomas L. Eberhardt, Hui Pan

Fuel > 2012 > 96 > Complete > 600-603

Processing of pine wood chips in a pilot-scale downdraft gasifier generated a carbon-rich fly ash as a byproduct. Studies on biomass-derived fly ashes have generally focused on their direct characterisation, as generated, to develop options for utilisation or disposal. Analogous to studies on coal-derived fly ashes, strategies were applied here to assess the feasibility of isolating chars for value-added...

article

Partial dissolution of ACQ-treated wood in lithium chloride/N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone: Separation of copper from potential lignocellulosic feedstocks

Thomas L. Eberhardt, Stan Lebow, Karen G. Reed

Chemosphere > 2012 > 86 > 8 > 797-801

A cellulose solvent system based on lithium chloride (LiCl) in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) was used to assess the merits of partial dissolutions of coarsely ground wood samples. Alkaline Copper Quaternary (ACQ)-treated pine wood was of particular interest for treatment given the potential to generate a copper-rich stream apart from solid and/or liquid lignocellulosic feedstocks. Treatment with...

article

Hydrothermal transformation of Chinese privet seed biomass to gas-phase and semi-volatile products

Thomas L. Eberhardt, W. James Catallo, Todd F. Shupe

Bioresource Technology > 2010 > 101 > 11 > 4198-4204

Hydrothermal (HT) treatment of seeds from Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense), a non-native and invasive species in the southeastern United States, was examined with respect to the generation of gas-phase and semi-volatile organic chemicals of industrial importance from a lipid-rich biomass resource. Aqueous seed slurries were transformed into biphasic liquid systems comprised of a milky aqueous phase...

article

Hydrothermal processing of biomass from invasive aquatic plants

W. James Catallo, Todd F. Shupe, Thomas L. Eberhardt

Biomass and Bioenergy > 2008 > 32 > 2 > 140-145

The purpose of this study was to examine the hydrothermal (HT) treatment of three invasive aquatic plants (i.e., Lemna sp., Hydrilla sp., and Eichhornia sp.) with respect to the generation of semi-volatile hydrocarbon product mixtures and biomass volume reduction. Identical HT treatments yielded similar semi-volatile product mixtures for Hydrilla sp. and Eichhornia sp. versus a significantly different...

article

Biosorbents prepared from wood particles treated with anionic polymer and iron salt: Effect of particle size on phosphate adsorption

Thomas L. Eberhardt, Soo-Hong Min

Bioresource Technology > 2008 > 99 > 3 > 626-630

Biomass-based adsorbents have been widely studied as a cost-effective and environmentally-benign means to remove pollutants and nutrients from water. A two-stage treatment of aspen wood particles with solutions of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and ferrous chloride afforded a biosorbent that was effective in removing phosphate from test solutions. FTIR spectroscopy of the biosorbent samples showed...

article

Antioxidant activity of extracts from the wood and bark of Port Orford cedar

Heng Gao, Todd F. Shupe, Thomas L. Eberhardt, Chung Y. Hse

Journal of Wood Science > 2007 > 53 > 2 > 147-152

Heartwood, sapwood, and inner and outer bark of Port Orford cedar were extracted with methanol, and the extracts evaluated for antioxidant activity. The total phenol content (TPC) of the extracts was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and expressed as gallic acid equivalent (GAE). Butylated hydroxytoluene was used as a positive control in the free-radical-scavenging activity tests and ethylenediaminetetraacetic...

article

Phosphate removal by refined aspen wood fiber treated with carboxymethyl cellulose and ferrous chloride

Thomas L. Eberhardt, Soo-Hong Min, James S. Han

Bioresource Technology > 2006 > 97 > 18 > 2371-2376

Biomass-based filtration media are of interest as an economical means to remove pollutants and nutrients found in stormwater runoff. Refined aspen wood fiber samples treated with iron salt solutions demonstrated limited capacities to remove (ortho)phosphate from test solutions. To provide additional sites for iron complex formation, and thereby impart a greater capacity for phosphate removal, a fiber...

article

Rapid analysis of inner and outer bark composition of Southern Yellow Pine bark from industrial sources

Chi-Leung So, Thomas L. Eberhardt

Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff > 2006 > 64 > 6 > 463-467

Differences in bark chemistry between inner and outer bark are well known and may affect the suitability of various bark supplies for a particular application. Accordingly, there is a need for quality control protocols to assess variability and predict product yields. Southern yellow pine bark samples from two industrial sources were separated into inner and outer bark tissues and used to prepare...

article

Towards the specification of consecutive steps in macrolecular lignin assembly

Mitsuhiko Nose, Bernards A. Mark, Maysa Furlan, Jaroslav Zajicek, more

Phytochemistry > 1995 > 39 > 1 > 71-79

When Pinus taeda cell suspension cultures are exposed to 8% sucrose solution, the cells undergo significant intracellular disruption, irregular wall thickening/lignification with concomitant formation of an ‘extracellular lignin’ precipitate. However, addition of potassium iodide (KI), an H ₂ O ₂ scavenger, inhibits this lignification response, while the ability to synthesize the monolignols,...

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